정답이 있는 내외과: 심혈관계와 호흡기계 학습지

What is the normal range for arterial blood pH?

1. A7.50–7.65
2. B6.80–7.00
3. C7.35–7.45
4. D7.00–7.20

On spirometry, what is the forced vital capacity (FVC)?

1. AThe volume of air that is left in the lungs after breathing out
2. BThe volume of one normal resting breath
3. CThe total volume blown out forcefully after a full breath in
4. DThe volume of air blown out in the first second of the test only

What does a positive tuberculin skin test or interferon-gamma release assay show?

1. AActive, infectious TB of the lungs that needs isolation now
2. BComplete, lifelong immunity to TB after a previous vaccine
3. CThat the patient has never met TB
4. DInfection with TB at some time, not necessarily active disease

A patient is starting long-term amiodarone. Which teaching and monitoring are most important?

1. AAvoid dairy products and have the INR checked once at the start
2. BEat extra salt and stop the drug as soon as the pulse is regular
3. CProtect skin from sunlight and have thyroid, liver and lung checks
4. DExpect orange urine and no need for blood tests

A patient is starting doxazosin, an alpha-blocker, for hypertension. Which advice is most important?

1. ATake the first dose at bedtime, as dizziness and fainting can occur
2. BTake it with a large glass of grapefruit juice to improve absorption
3. CAvoid all potassium-containing foods
4. DStop it suddenly if the heart rate rises after the first few doses

Which ECG finding is typical of atrial flutter?

1. AP waves with no relationship to the QRS complexes
2. BA chaotic baseline with no clear P waves and irregular QRS
3. CRegular sawtooth flutter waves between QRS complexes
4. DWide, bizarre QRS complexes at 180/min

심한 천식 발작 중에 환자의 PaCO₂가 낮은 값에서 정상으로 올라가고 환자는 지쳐 보입니다. 이는 무엇을 뜻합니까?

1. A환자가 지쳐 가고 있으며 호흡부전이 뒤따를 수 있다
2. B검체가 정맥혈일 가능성이 높아 무시해도 된다
3. C발작이 해소되고 있어 치료를 줄일 수 있다
4. D환자가 불안 때문에 과호흡하고 있다

After a car crash, a patient is severely breathless with absent breath sounds on the right, a deviated trachea, distended neck veins and BP 76/40 mmHg. What is the immediate management?

1. AInsertion of a urinary catheter to monitor output
2. BUrgent needle or finger decompression of the right chest
3. CA chest X-ray to confirm the diagnosis before any treatment
4. DLying the patient flat with the legs raised