정답이 있는 내외과: 심혈관계와 호흡기계 학습지

What is haemoptysis?

1. ABlood in the urine
2. BCoughing up blood from the lungs or airways
3. CBleeding from the nose that runs into the throat
4. DVomiting blood that comes from the stomach

What is the main role of the delay at the atrioventricular (AV) node?

1. AIt gives the ventricles time to fill before they contract
2. BIt speeds the impulse to the ventricles so they beat sooner
3. CIt starts each heartbeat by firing faster than the SA node
4. DIt closes the aortic valve

Which test is used to screen for an abdominal aortic aneurysm?

1. AA peak expiratory flow test
2. BA resting 12-lead ECG
3. CAn abdominal ultrasound scan
4. DA plain chest X-ray

What is the purpose of cardiac resynchronisation therapy (a biventricular pacemaker)?

1. ATo slow the atrial rate in patients with atrial fibrillation
2. BTo deliver a shock whenever the heart rate exceeds 100/min
3. CTo make both ventricles contract together and more efficiently
4. DTo replace a damaged heart valve

A patient with heart failure starts dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor. Which teaching is most relevant?

1. AAvoid drinking any fluids at all for the first week of treatment
2. BTake an extra dose if the ankles swell
3. CExpect the urine to turn bright orange and stain underwear and clothes
4. DKeep the genital area clean, as fungal infections are more common

Which exercise advice is recommended for intermittent claudication?

1. AStopping walking at the very first twinge of pain each time
2. BWalking only on days when the legs feel warm and painless
3. CComplete bed rest until the leg pain has gone for at least a month
4. DSupervised walking until pain is near maximal, then rest and repeat

On a ventilated patient, the end-tidal CO₂ waveform suddenly drops to zero. What should the nurse suspect first?

1. AA rise in the patient's body temperature over the last hour
2. BA sudden improvement in the patient's lung function
3. CTube displacement, disconnection or obstruction
4. DNormal variation that needs no action

A conscious adult in the dining room is suddenly unable to speak, cough or breathe after a mouthful of food. What should the nurse do first?

1. ASweep blindly in the mouth with a finger
2. BEncourage them to drink a glass of water to wash the food down
3. CLie them down on the floor and start chest compressions immediately
4. DUp to five back blows, then up to five abdominal thrusts if needed