정답이 있는 내외과: 소화기계, 수술 전후, 종양 학습지

Which statement about hepatitis C is correct?

1. AIt is spread mainly through blood, and there is no vaccine
2. BIt can be treated only with a liver transplant
3. CIt always clears by itself within two weeks
4. DIt is spread mainly by food, and a vaccine is given to babies

Which signs suggest a deep vein thrombosis in the leg?

1. AItching between the toes of both feet
2. BCold, pale feet on both sides with no pulse
3. CSwelling, pain, warmth and redness of one calf
4. DA painless rash on both shins

Which three principles reduce staff radiation exposure when caring for a patient with a sealed radiation source?

1. AGloves, gown and mask
2. BTime, distance and shielding
3. CHeat, light and humidity
4. DSpeed, noise and lighting

Which early symptoms suggest local anaesthetic systemic toxicity?

1. ATingling around the mouth, a metallic taste and tinnitus
2. BIncreased hunger and thirst over several hours, with a dry mouth
3. CMild itching of the feet the next day
4. DA red rash only at the injection site, with no other symptoms

Why is a gastrostomy tube with an internal bumper usually advanced and rotated regularly once the tract has healed?

1. ATo check that the patient is still hungry
2. BTo make the tube longer as the patient grows or gains weight
3. CTo remove any feed left in the stomach
4. DTo stop the inner bumper becoming buried in the stomach wall

For which stoma can colostomy irrigation be considered?

1. AAn established descending or sigmoid colostomy
2. BAny stoma that has liquid or very loose output
3. CA new ileostomy in the first week
4. DAn ileal conduit draining urine

During a nasogastric feed, a patient starts coughing and SpO₂ falls from 96% to 89%. What should the nurse do first?

1. AGive a drink of water to clear the throat
2. BLay the patient flat to help them rest
3. CStop the feed and assess the airway and breathing
4. DIncrease the feed rate to finish it sooner

On day 3 after surgery, a patient has a temperature of 38.6 °C, respiratory rate 24/min, pulse 118/min, BP 92/58 mmHg and new confusion. What should the nurse do?

1. ARecord the observations and continue routine care
2. BGive paracetamol and recheck in four hours
3. CEncourage oral fluids and wait for the doctor's round
4. DEscalate urgently and start the sepsis pathway