정답이 있는 내외과: 소화기계, 수술 전후, 종양 학습지

고소득 국가에서 성인 소장 폐색의 가장 흔한 원인은?

1. A이전 수술로 인한 유착
2. B담낭 목에 걸린 담석
3. C대장암
4. D삼킨 이물질

What is lymphoedema?

1. ASwelling from a broken bone in the arm
2. BFluid in the lungs from heart failure
3. CSwelling from poor lymph drainage, for example after node removal
4. DInflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck and armpits from a virus

What is a common reason for giving a premedication before surgery?

1. ATo reduce anxiety
2. BTo replace the general anaesthetic
3. CTo make the patient hungry after surgery
4. DTo treat the surgical wound in advance

Which nerve is at risk if the arm is poorly padded at the elbow during surgery?

1. ASciatic nerve
2. BUlnar nerve
3. CFemoral nerve
4. DFacial nerve

Why should antacids usually be taken at a different time from other medicines?

1. AThey can reduce the absorption of many other drugs
2. BThey make all other drugs much more toxic
3. CThey destroy other drugs before they are swallowed
4. DThey stop the kidneys from clearing other drugs

A day after a spinal anaesthetic, a patient has a headache that is worse when sitting up and better when lying flat. What is the most likely cause?

1. APost-dural puncture headache
2. BMigraine caused by hospital lighting
3. CA side effect of the antibiotic
4. DRaised blood pressure from pain

An older patient on regular opioids has small amounts of liquid stool leaking all day, but has not had a formed bowel movement for 6 days. What is the most likely cause?

1. AAcute infective gastroenteritis
2. BFaecal impaction with overflow
3. CNormal stool pattern on opioids
4. DA flare of ulcerative colitis

A patient with a sacral pressure ulcer keeps sliding down the bed when the head is raised high. Which advice best reduces shear?

1. AUse a dry sheet and drag the patient up the bed
2. BSit the patient upright without any support for the feet
3. CRaise the head of the bed to 90° and pull the patient up the bed by the arms
4. DKeep the head of the bed at or below 30° if possible; use slide sheets