정답이 있는 내외과: 소화기계, 수술 전후, 종양 학습지

Which factor most increases the risk of Clostridioides difficile infection?

1. AA diet high in fibre
2. BRecent antibiotic treatment
3. CRegular exercise
4. DDrinking bottled water

Which feature is typical of an arterial leg ulcer?

1. AA painful, punched-out wound on a cold, pale foot
2. BA blister on the heel with plenty of hair growth
3. CA shallow, wet wound around the ankle with warm, swollen skin
4. DA painless wound on the shin with normal pulses

Which features are typical of a superficial partial-thickness burn?

1. ARedness only, with no blisters, like sunburn
2. BBlisters, a moist pink base and severe pain
3. CCharred skin with exposed muscle and bone
4. DDry, white, leathery skin with no pain

Which risk is particularly linked with tramadol?

1. ASerotonin syndrome with some antidepressants, and seizures
2. BRapid liver failure at normal doses
3. CSevere stomach ulcers in all patients
4. DHigh blood pressure that needs emergency treatment in most patients

Why are antibody levels checked after a healthcare worker receives the hepatitis B vaccine?

1. ATo check whether they caught hepatitis B from the vaccine
2. BTo confirm that the vaccine produced immunity
3. CTo decide whether they need a liver biopsy
4. DTo measure liver damage caused by the vaccine

In the UK National Early Warning Score (NEWS2), what does an aggregate score of 5 or more usually trigger?

1. AAn urgent review by a clinician skilled in acute illness
2. BDischarge planning for the next day
3. CNo change unless the patient complains
4. DRoutine observations once every 12 hours, with no other change in care

During bowel preparation, an older patient becomes dizzy and confused. Blood tests show sodium 127 mmol/L. What should the nurse do?

1. AEncourage plain water only, as much as possible
2. BStop the preparation and escalate to the medical team
3. CRecord it and continue as planned, as this is expected
4. DGive the rest of the preparation more quickly

만성 통증으로 장기간 아편유사제를 복용하는 환자가 수술을 위해 입원했습니다. 올바른 설명은?

1. A중독을 막기 위해 입원 시 모든 아편유사제를 중단해야 한다
2. B수술이 끝난 후에는 파라세타몰만 받아야 한다
3. C아편유사제 미사용 환자보다 수술 후 아편유사제 용량이 더 낮게 필요하다
4. D내성 때문에 평소 아편유사제를 계속하고 추가 진통을 한다