정답이 있는 내외과: 소화기계, 수술 전후, 종양 학습지

간경변의 가장 흔한 원인 중 하나는?

1. A한 번의 식중독
2. B과일과 섬유질이 많은 식사
3. C장기간의 과도한 음주
4. D철 결핍성 빈혈

혈변(hematochezia)이란?

1. A검고 타르 같으며 악취가 나는 대변
2. B선홍색 피를 토하는 것
3. C직장에서 나오는 선홍색 피
4. D선홍색의 피가 섞인 가래를 기침으로 뱉는 것

Pain is usually called chronic when it lasts longer than about how long?

1. AThree hours
2. BThree weeks
3. CThree days
4. DThree months

How should a patient use an incentive spirometer after surgery?

1. ABlow out as hard and as fast as possible
2. BBreathe in slowly and deeply, then hold briefly
3. CUse it once a day, just before going to sleep at night
4. DBreathe quickly in and out ten times in a row

Patients on immune checkpoint inhibitors may develop immune-related side effects. Which symptom should they report promptly?

1. ANew diarrhoea or abdominal pain
2. BSlight hair thinning over months
3. CMild tiredness after a busy day
4. DA small bruise after a knock

Which statement about pain in older adults is correct?

1. AOlder adults feel less pain because nerves wear out
2. BOpioids must never be used in people over 70
3. CPain is a normal part of ageing and does not need any treatment at all
4. DThey may under-report pain, so active assessment is needed

A patient finds daily wound dressing changes very painful. What is the most effective nursing approach?

1. ADo the dressing quickly and give analgesia afterwards
2. BAvoid analgesia so the patient can report any problems during the change
3. CChange the dressing less often than the plan says
4. DGive analgesia timed so it works during the dressing change

수술 후 아편유사제 PCA로 호흡 억제가 생길 위험이 가장 높은 환자는?

1. A다른 의학적 문제가 없고 파라세타몰을 받는 환자
2. B통증 점수가 8/10이며 완전히 깨어 있고 명료한 환자
3. C수면무호흡이 있고 진정제도 복용 중인 아편유사제 미사용 고령 환자
4. D수개월 동안 규칙적으로 아편유사제를 써 온 젊은 환자