정답이 있는 내외과: 소화기계, 수술 전후, 종양 학습지

Why is adrenaline sometimes added to a local anaesthetic?

1. AIt stops the local anaesthetic causing any allergy
2. BIt turns the local anaesthetic into a general anaesthetic
3. CIt makes the patient fall asleep more quickly
4. DIt narrows vessels, so the block lasts longer and bleeding is less

What does the ASA physical status classification describe?

1. AThe type of anaesthetic drug the surgeon prefers
2. BThe patient's general health before anaesthesia
3. CThe exact length of the planned operation
4. DThe patient's pain score after surgery

What is the typical main symptom of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD)?

1. ASharp pain in the right shoulder after meals
2. BCramping pain low in the left side of the abdomen
3. CPainless yellowing of the skin and eyes
4. DBurning pain behind the breastbone (heartburn)

Why is an ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI) measured before compression bandaging for a leg ulcer?

1. ATo find out how deep the ulcer is
2. BTo find the bacteria in the wound
3. CTo exclude significant arterial disease
4. DTo check for a leg bone fracture

Which intervention most reduces pressure ulcer risk in an immobile patient?

1. ARegular repositioning and a pressure-redistributing mattress
2. BMassaging red areas firmly at each turn to bring back the circulation
3. CUsing a doughnut-shaped ring cushion
4. DKeeping the head of the bed raised at 90° all day

출혈을 늘릴 수 있어 수술 전에 흔히 묻는 허브 보충제는?

1. A은행잎 추출물(Ginkgo biloba)
2. B카모마일
3. C페퍼민트 오일
4. D크랜베리

A patient with three fractured ribs is taking shallow breaths because of pain. Why is effective analgesia a priority?

1. ARib pain always means the heart is damaged
2. BShallow breathing can lead to atelectasis and pneumonia
3. CGood analgesia makes rib fractures heal fully within a few days
4. DPain relief is only needed for the patient's comfort

Two days after a PEG insertion, a patient reports pain on feeding, and feed is leaking around the site. What should the nurse do?

1. AStop the feed at once and seek urgent medical advice
2. BContinue feeding and apply a thicker dressing
3. CGive the next medicines through the tube as usual
4. DIncrease the feed rate to improve nutrition