정답이 있는 내외과: 소화기계, 수술 전후, 종양 학습지

Which symptom in an adult over 50 is a red flag for colorectal cancer?

1. AMild bloating before a period
2. BOccasional wind and rumbling after eating a meal of beans
3. CA lasting change in bowel habit with rectal bleeding
4. DOne episode of loose stools after a takeaway meal

Which feature is typical of ulcerative colitis?

1. AInflammation limited to the oesophagus
2. BInflammation of the full thickness of the small bowel
3. CPatchy inflammation anywhere from mouth to anus
4. DContinuous inflammation starting at the rectum

What is a volvulus?

1. AA twist of a loop of bowel around itself
2. BA tear in the lining of the anus
3. CAn infection of the appendix
4. DA pouch in the wall of the colon that fills with stool

How can low-dose opioids help a patient with breathlessness from advanced cancer?

1. AThey open the airways like an inhaler
2. BThey reduce the feeling of breathlessness
3. CThey cure the underlying lung disease
4. DThey increase the oxygen level in the blood

Which statement correctly describes physical dependence on opioids?

1. AThe drug no longer has any side effects
2. BThe patient is allergic to opioids
3. CWithdrawal occurs if the drug is stopped suddenly
4. DThe patient always craves the drug and misuses it despite harm

Which statement about fatigue during radiotherapy is correct?

1. AIt is caused by the patient becoming radioactive
2. BIt often builds during the course and can last for weeks
3. CIt means the radiotherapy has failed
4. DIt occurs only after the first session and then disappears completely

고관절 수술 3일째에 고령 환자가 급성으로 혼란스러워하고 주의력이 변동하며 초조해합니다. 간호사가 가장 먼저 할 일은?

1. A환자가 안정되도록 가족에게 집으로 데려가라고 요청한다
2. B환자를 억제하고 즉시 많은 용량의 진정제를 준다
3. C저산소증, 감염, 통증, 약물 같은 원인을 찾고 상급자에게 보고한다
4. D치매라고 가정하고 간호 계획을 그대로 계속한다

A patient with three fractured ribs is taking shallow breaths because of pain. Why is effective analgesia a priority?

1. AShallow breathing can lead to atelectasis and pneumonia
2. BRib pain always means the heart is damaged
3. CPain relief is only needed for the patient's comfort
4. DGood analgesia makes rib fractures heal fully within a few days