정답이 있는 내외과: 소화기계, 수술 전후, 종양 학습지

How is the length of a nasogastric tube usually estimated before insertion?

1. AFrom the chin to the umbilicus in a straight line
2. BFrom the nose tip to the earlobe, then to the xiphisternum
3. CAny length, as long as the whole tube is inserted
4. DFrom the mouth to the knee on the same side of the body

Which signs suggest a deep vein thrombosis in the leg?

1. AA painless rash on both shins
2. BItching between the toes of both feet
3. CSwelling, pain, warmth and redness of one calf
4. DCold, pale feet on both sides with no pulse

간질환에서 황달이 생기는 이유는?

1. A간이 빌리루빈을 제거하지 못해 쌓이기 때문
2. B신장이 몸에 필요한 것보다 요소를 너무 많이 만들기 때문
3. C음식의 노란 색소가 피부에 저장되기 때문
4. D간이 한꺼번에 너무 많은 적혈구를 만들기 때문

Why is a gastrostomy tube with an internal bumper usually advanced and rotated regularly once the tract has healed?

1. ATo make the tube longer as the patient grows or gains weight
2. BTo remove any feed left in the stomach
3. CTo stop the inner bumper becoming buried in the stomach wall
4. DTo check that the patient is still hungry

Dysphagia that started with solids and now includes liquids, with weight loss, most suggests which cause?

1. ASimple anxiety about swallowing tablets
2. BA dry mouth from drinking too little water
3. CA narrowing such as an oesophageal tumour
4. DNormal ageing of the swallowing muscles

Which pain pattern classically suggests a duodenal rather than a gastric ulcer?

1. APain in the right lower abdomen with fever and vomiting
2. BPain straight after eating that is worsened by food
3. CPain 2–3 hours after meals and at night, eased by eating
4. DPain only on deep breathing that eases when sitting forwards

상복부 수술 2일째에 환자의 체온이 37.8 °C, 실내 공기에서 SpO₂ 93%, 양쪽 폐 하부의 호흡음이 감소했습니다. 통증 때문에 인센티브 폐활량계를 사용하지 않았습니다. 가장 적절한 간호 계획은?

1. A15 L/min의 산소를 주고 환자를 조용히 쉬게 둔다
2. B통증 조절 개선, 앉기, 심호흡, 이동, 그리고 보고
3. C열이 가라앉을 때까지 환자를 침대에 두고 움직임을 제한한다
4. D환자가 더 세게 기침할 수 있도록 모든 진통을 중단한다

On the day after a Hartmann's procedure, the end colostomy is dark purple to black. What should the nurse do?

1. AReport it urgently, as the stoma may be necrotic
2. BCut a smaller hole in the pouch
3. CRub the stoma to improve its colour
4. DRecord it as normal postoperative bruising and recheck it next week