정답이 있는 내외과: 신경계, 내분비계, 신장 학습지

What is the most common type of kidney stone?

1. AUric acid
2. BCalcium oxalate
3. CStruvite
4. DCystine

만성 신장병 환자 다수에서 빈혈이 생기는 이유는?

1. A신장이 적혈구를 파괴하기 때문
2. B투석이 혈액에서 철분을 제거하기 때문
3. C신장이 에리트로포이에틴을 덜 만들기 때문
4. D매일 소변으로 혈액이 소실되기 때문

Which ECG change is typical of hyperkalaemia?

1. AA shortened PR interval
2. BTall, peaked T waves
3. CFlattened T waves
4. DProminent U waves

Several hours after a carotid endarterectomy, which finding needs the most urgent action?

1. AA blood pressure slightly above the baseline
2. BMild pain at the incision site
3. CA small amount of dried blood on the dressing
4. DAn expanding neck swelling with noisy breathing

A bladder scan straight after voiding shows 450 mL of urine still in the bladder. What does this show?

1. AThe kidneys are making too little urine
2. BThe patient has drunk too little fluid
3. CThe bladder is not emptying properly
4. DThe patient is passing urine normally

애디슨병에 전형적인 전해질 양상은?

1. A높은 나트륨과 낮은 칼륨
2. B높은 칼슘과 낮은 인산염
3. C낮은 칼륨과 낮은 혈당
4. D낮은 나트륨과 높은 칼륨

A patient with AKI has a low urine sodium and concentrated urine. What does this suggest?

1. ADiabetes insipidus, with too little ADH
2. BA pre-renal cause, with kidneys holding salt and water
3. CA post-renal blockage, with urine backed up
4. DAcute tubular necrosis, with damaged and leaking tubules

A patient with type 1 diabetes is vomiting at home. Their glucose is 12 mmol/L (216 mg/dL), and blood ketones are 3.5 mmol/L. What advice is correct?

1. AStop insulin until the vomiting has settled
2. BWait until the glucose is above 20 mmol/L (360 mg/dL)
3. CSeek urgent hospital assessment for possible DKA
4. DDrink less fluid to stop the vomiting