정답이 있는 내외과: 신경계, 내분비계, 신장 학습지

How does glucagon raise blood glucose?

1. AIt makes the liver release stored glucose
2. BIt stops the kidneys losing glucose in urine
3. CIt blocks the absorption of glucose in muscle
4. DIt adds glucose directly into the bloodstream

What is spinal shock?

1. AA temporary loss of reflexes and tone below a spinal cord injury
2. BA severe allergic reaction to spinal anaesthetic
3. CA very low blood pressure caused by blood loss after trauma
4. DA permanent loss of feeling in both hands only, from nerve damage

What is the purpose of a steroid emergency card or medical alert ID?

1. ATo let the patient buy steroids without a prescription
2. BTo warn staff that extra steroid is needed in illness or injury
3. CTo show that the patient is allergic to all types of steroid medicine
4. DTo record the patient's blood glucose results

Why should long-term steroid treatment not be stopped suddenly?

1. AStopping causes the blood glucose to fall sharply
2. BThe steroids build up and become toxic after they are stopped
3. CThe suppressed adrenal glands cannot make enough cortisol at once
4. DStopping suddenly makes the bones grow too quickly and then fracture

원발성 부신 기능부전 환자가 열이 납니다. 스테로이드 보충에 대한 일반적인 sick-day 조언은?

1. A열이 가라앉을 때까지 스테로이드를 중단한다
2. B평소 용량을 유지하고 당분간 수분을 더 마시지 않는다
3. C부작용을 줄이도록 용량을 절반으로 줄인다
4. D글루코코르티코이드 용량을 늘리며 흔히 두 배로 한다

How do DPP-4 inhibitors such as sitagliptin work?

1. AThey prolong the action of gut incretin hormones
2. BThey replace insulin that the pancreas cannot make
3. CThey stop the gut from absorbing fat
4. DThey block glucose reabsorption in the kidney

A haemodialysis patient missed their last two sessions. They are breathless, with crackles, and the potassium is 6.9 mmol/L. What is the priority?

1. AUrgent dialysis, with cardiac monitoring meanwhile
2. BOral potassium supplements and rest
3. CLarge IV fluid boluses to improve the circulation
4. DA routine dialysis session at the next planned slot

A nurse teaches a patient with CKD and a high potassium about diet. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will check food labels for added salt when I go shopping."
2. B"I will use a salt substitute instead of ordinary salt."
3. C"I will keep bananas and dried fruit to a minimum."
4. D"I will boil my potatoes and throw away the water."