정답이 있는 내외과: 신경계, 내분비계, 신장 학습지

두개내압 상승의 가장 이르고 민감한 징후는?

1. A의식 수준의 변화
2. B고혈압을 동반한 서맥
3. C양쪽의 고정되고 확장된 동공
4. D긴 정지가 있는 불규칙한 호흡

Which serum sodium result shows hyponatraemia in an adult?

1. A138 mmol/L
2. B129 mmol/L
3. C147 mmol/L
4. D142 mmol/L

Why does a patient with a kidney transplant need lifelong medicines?

1. ATo keep the blood pressure low enough
2. BTo prevent kidney stones in the new kidney
3. CTo stop the immune system rejecting the new kidney
4. DTo help the new kidney make more urine each day

A patient has acute low back pain with no red flags. Which advice is most appropriate?

1. AStay in bed for two weeks until the pain is gone
2. BAvoid all movement until an MRI scan has been done
3. CStay as active as possible and use simple pain relief
4. DWear a rigid back brace all day and night for at least three months

Why should long-term steroid treatment not be stopped suddenly?

1. AStopping causes the blood glucose to fall sharply
2. BThe suppressed adrenal glands cannot make enough cortisol at once
3. CStopping suddenly makes the bones grow too quickly and then fracture
4. DThe steroids build up and become toxic after they are stopped

Which lifestyle advice best helps a patient with epilepsy reduce their seizures?

1. ADrink coffee in the evening to stay alert
2. BAvoid all physical exercise and stay indoors
3. CKeep regular sleep and take every dose on time
4. DSkip a dose on days without any warning signs

고령 남성이 10시간 동안 소변을 보지 못했고 아랫배 통증이 있으며 방광 스캔은 1100 mL입니다. 크레아티닌이 올랐습니다. 가장 가능성 높은 원인과 조치는?

1. A요붕증. 데스모프레신을 주고 수분을 제한한다
2. B조영제 신병증. 오늘 응급 혈액투석을 준비한다
3. C요폐. 처방에 따라 도뇨하고 많은 이뇨가 있는지 관찰한다
4. D탈수. 수액을 일시 투여하고 내일 크레아티닌을 다시 확인한다

A patient with hypopituitarism needs both hydrocortisone and levothyroxine. Which is usually started first?

1. ALevothyroxine
2. BBoth on the same day, in any order
3. CHydrocortisone
4. DNeither, until symptoms appear