정답이 있는 내외과: 신경계, 내분비계, 신장 학습지

Which ECG change is typical of hyperkalaemia?

1. AProminent U waves
2. BTall, peaked T waves
3. CA shortened PR interval
4. DFlattened T waves

What is overflow incontinence?

1. ALeaking after a sudden strong urge
2. BLeaking when sneezing or jumping
3. CWetting caused by not being able to undress quickly
4. DDribbling from a bladder that does not empty properly

Which side effect is linked to SGLT2 inhibitors such as dapagliflozin?

1. AGenital fungal infections
2. BHair loss
3. COvergrowth of the gums
4. DOrange urine

Which nursing action helps most to prevent and manage delirium in an older inpatient?

1. AKeep the lights on all night so the patient can see clearly
2. BMove the patient to a different room each day for variety
3. CRestrain the patient so that they do not wander off the ward
4. DUse glasses and hearing aids and reorient the patient often

A bladder scan straight after voiding shows 450 mL of urine still in the bladder. What does this show?

1. AThe patient has drunk too little fluid
2. BThe patient is passing urine normally
3. CThe bladder is not emptying properly
4. DThe kidneys are making too little urine

A patient is starting nitrofurantoin for a UTI. Which teaching point is correct?

1. AIt should be taken on an empty stomach with milk
2. BIt may turn the urine dark yellow or brown
3. CIt turns the tears and sweat bright orange
4. DIt must be taken only once a week

수술 후 환자의 소변량이 3시간 동안 15 mL/h이고, 맥박 110회/분, 혈압 96/58 mmHg, 건조한 점막이 있습니다. 낮은 소변량의 가장 가능성 높은 원인은?

1. A저혈량으로 인한 신전성 AKI
2. B수술로 인한 SIADH
3. C마취 후 요붕증
4. D정맥 수액으로 인한 수분 과다

환자의 만성 저나트륨혈증이 24시간 만에 115에서 132 mmol/L로 교정되었습니다. 이틀 후 어눌한 말, 삼킴곤란, 사지 근력 약화가 생깁니다. 가장 가능성 높은 원인은?

1. A저나트륨혈증에서의 정상적인 회복
2. B나트륨과 무관한 새로운 뇌졸중
3. C삼투성 탈수초 증후군
4. D섭취 부족으로 인한 저혈당