정답이 있는 내외과: 신경계, 내분비계, 신장 학습지

인슐린 아스파르트나 리스프로 같은 초속효성 인슐린은 보통 언제 투여합니까?

1. A식사 직전 또는 식사와 함께
2. B식사 약 2시간 후
3. C음식 없이 취침 시간에
4. D식사와 상관없이 하루에 한 번

How is the headache of a subarachnoid haemorrhage typically described?

1. ASlowly worsening over several weeks, worst in the morning
2. BOne-sided and throbbing, with an aura beforehand
3. CA tight band around the head that comes and goes
4. DSudden and severe, reaching its peak within about a minute

Which common painkiller can harm the kidneys, especially in dehydration?

1. AParacetamol (acetaminophen)
2. BCodeine
3. CIbuprofen
4. DMorphine

A patient taking sodium valproate becomes tired and is vomiting, and the nurse notices yellowing of the eyes. What is the main concern?

1. ALiver toxicity from valproate
2. BDehydration from drinking too little
3. CA sign that the dose is too low
4. DA normal adjustment reaction to the drug

Which nursing action helps most to prevent and manage delirium in an older inpatient?

1. AKeep the lights on all night so the patient can see clearly
2. BUse glasses and hearing aids and reorient the patient often
3. CMove the patient to a different room each day for variety
4. DRestrain the patient so that they do not wander off the ward

글리클라지드(설포닐우레아)를 복용 중인 환자가 저혈당으로 입원했습니다. 장시간 감시가 필요한 이유는?

1. A약이 여러 시간 작용하므로 낮은 혈당이 다시 올 수 있기 때문
2. B약이 몇 시간 지연된 후 혈당을 올리기 때문
3. C설포닐우레아는 단독으로 저혈당을 일으킬 수 없기 때문
4. D약이 밤에만 작용하므로 아침 확인이 소용없기 때문

A patient on carbamazepine is admitted confused, with a sodium of 121 mmol/L. Which explanation is most likely?

1. AThe low sodium proves the patient has stopped taking the drug
2. BCarbamazepine causes salt loss through severe diarrhoea
3. CCarbamazepine can cause hyponatraemia through an SIADH-like effect
4. DConfusion is a normal, expected effect of carbamazepine and is unrelated to sodium

A nurse teaches a patient with CKD and a high potassium about diet. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will boil my potatoes and throw away the water."
2. B"I will use a salt substitute instead of ordinary salt."
3. C"I will check food labels for added salt when I go shopping."
4. D"I will keep bananas and dried fruit to a minimum."