정답이 있는 내외과: 신경계, 내분비계, 신장 학습지

What is urge incontinence?

1. ADribbling because the bladder never empties
2. BLeaking because the toilet is too far away
3. CA sudden, strong need to pass urine, followed by leaking
4. DLeaking only when laughing, coughing or lifting heavy objects

What is the most important risk factor for bladder cancer?

1. AA diet high in fruit
2. BSmoking
3. CDrinking a lot of water
4. DFrequent urinary infections in childhood

Which description best fits an absence seizure?

1. AStiffening and then jerking of all four limbs for several minutes
2. BA sudden loss of muscle tone that makes the person fall
3. CJerking that starts in one hand and spreads up the arm
4. DA brief staring spell of a few seconds with a quick return to normal

Why does a patient with untreated hypothyroidism need extra care when given opioids or sedatives?

1. AThere is no difference compared with other patients
2. BThey break the drugs down slowly and are more sensitive to them
3. CThese drugs make the thyroid gland overactive
4. DThey clear the drugs too fast, so higher doses are needed

Which group of drugs is a well-known cause of SIADH and hyponatraemia, especially in older people?

1. ABulk-forming laxatives
2. BPenicillin antibiotics
3. CProton pump inhibitors
4. DSSRI antidepressants

A patient takes an SGLT2 inhibitor. Which sick-day advice is correct?

1. AStop drinking fluids while taking the drug
2. BDouble the dose during illness to control the glucose
3. CPause the drug during illness with vomiting or poor intake
4. DKeep taking it as normal, whatever the illness

Why might a frail 88-year-old with type 2 diabetes have a less strict HbA1c target?

1. ABecause diabetes cannot damage older people
2. BTo save money on blood tests and drugs
3. CTo reduce the risk of hypos, falls and confusion
4. DBecause older people cannot use any glucose medicines

A patient with a subarachnoid haemorrhage develops a low sodium. Why is fluid restriction usually avoided in this patient?

1. ALow blood volume can worsen vasospasm and brain ischaemia
2. BLow sodium in this condition always corrects itself
3. CFluid restriction would cause the aneurysm to re-bleed
4. DFluid restriction raises the risk of seizures