정답이 있는 내외과: 신경계, 내분비계, 신장 학습지

Which finding is a common reason for urgent dialysis?

1. AA haemoglobin of 105 g/L (10.5 g/dL) with mild tiredness
2. BHyperkalaemia that does not respond to treatment
3. CA single episode of itching
4. DA mildly raised creatinine with no symptoms

What is diabetic gastroparesis?

1. AA stomach ulcer caused by long-term metformin use
2. BInflammation of the pancreas from high glucose
3. CA blockage of the small bowel by scar tissue
4. DSlow emptying of the stomach due to nerve damage

Which head injury is classically linked to a lucid interval after a blow to the side of the head?

1. ADiffuse axonal injury
2. BChronic subdural haematoma
3. CExtradural haematoma
4. DConcussion

A stroke patient with dysphagia has been started on a modified diet. Which action best reduces the risk of aspiration?

1. AFeed quickly so the patient does not tire during the meal
2. BLay the patient flat straight after meals so they can rest and digest
3. CGive fluids through a straw so they flow more slowly
4. DSit the patient fully upright for meals and for a while afterwards

Which picture fits Brown-Séquard syndrome?

1. AWeakness of both arms with normal strength in the legs
2. BLoss of all feeling but normal movement on both sides
3. CParalysis of both legs, with normal sensation everywhere in the body
4. DWeakness on the same side and loss of pain on the opposite side

Why is an ACE inhibitor often given to a patient with diabetes and albumin in the urine?

1. AIt protects the kidneys and reduces albumin loss
2. BIt lowers the blood glucose to normal
3. CIt raises potassium to protect the heart
4. DIt stops the kidneys from passing so much urine at night

Which patient with a spinal cord injury is at risk of autonomic dysreflexia?

1. AA patient with an injury at L5
2. BA patient with an injury at T4
3. CA patient with an injury at S2
4. DA patient with an injury at L3

During a TURP, a patient becomes confused and nauseated, with a slow pulse and a raised BP. The sodium is 121 mmol/L. What is most likely?

1. ATURP syndrome from absorbed irrigation fluid
2. BAn allergic reaction to the catheter
3. CHypoglycaemia from fasting for many hours before surgery
4. DA normal reaction to the spinal anaesthetic