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Which finding inside the mouth is typical of early measles?

1. AA bright red "strawberry" tongue with large papillae
2. BPainful blisters on the tongue, gums and palate
3. CKoplik spots: small white spots on the inside of the cheeks
4. DA thick white coating on the tongue and cheeks that can be wiped off

Which health problem is common in babies with Down syndrome and is looked for soon after birth?

1. ACongenital heart defects
2. BCataract only in old age
3. CCleft lip and palate
4. DClubfoot on both sides

Which factors increase the risk of retinopathy of prematurity?

1. AVery preterm birth and exposure to high oxygen levels
2. BBeing born by caesarean section at term
3. CPhototherapy for jaundice given without the use of eye shields
4. DBeing born after 42 weeks with a large birth weight

Which medicine may be used to close a patent ductus arteriosus in a preterm baby?

1. AIbuprofen or indomethacin
2. BSalbutamol
3. CProstaglandin E1
4. DIntravenous furosemide infusion

A newborn has a cephalohaematoma. What should the nurse monitor closely over the next days?

1. ABlood pressure, because the swelling causes hypertension
2. BJaundice, because the breakdown of the trapped blood adds to bilirubin
3. CUrine colour, because the swelling causes kidney damage
4. DHead circumference twice daily, because it signals hydrocephalus

Which stool pattern is typical of Hirschsprung disease in an older child?

1. AFrequent bloody diarrhoea with fever after eating chicken
2. BChronic constipation with thin, ribbon-like, foul-smelling stools and distension
3. CNormal stools with occasional itching around the anus at night
4. DPale, bulky, fatty stools that float and are hard to flush, with a large appetite

A 15-year-old boy with mumps develops a painful, swollen testis. What is the most likely explanation?

1. ATesticular cancer unrelated to the infection
2. BA late side effect of the MMR vaccine given in childhood
3. CAn inguinal hernia caused by coughing
4. DMumps orchitis, a known complication after puberty

A child has a swollen, red eyelid with fever, pain on moving the eye and blurred vision. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AAn insect bite, which needs only a cold compress
2. BOrbital cellulitis, which needs urgent review and IV antibiotics
3. CA stye, which will drain on its own with warm compresses
4. DSimple conjunctivitis, treated with eye drops at home