정답이 있는 약리학 학습지

Which of these insulins is rapid-acting?

1. AInsulin glargine
2. BInsulin detemir
3. CInsulin lispro
4. DNPH (isophane) insulin

Why is methadone used to treat opioid use disorder?

1. AIt is a long-acting opioid that prevents withdrawal and craving
2. BIt causes vomiting if other opioids are used
3. CIt is a pure opioid antagonist that blocks all opioid effects
4. DIt cures the liver damage caused by opioids

Why is adrenaline (epinephrine) sometimes added to a local anaesthetic injection?

1. AIt speeds up the removal of the anaesthetic from the tissue into the blood
2. BIt prevents allergic reactions to the anaesthetic
3. CIt makes the anaesthetic act on the brain as well
4. DIt constricts vessels, so the block lasts longer and less enters the blood

A patient with a fentanyl patch is given home-care advice. Which instruction is correct?

1. ACut the patch in half if the pain is mild
2. BAvoid heating pads, hot baths and saunas over or near the patch
3. CThrow used patches loose into the household bin with the packaging
4. DApply each new patch over the same skin area

After instilling eye drops, why should the patient press gently on the inner corner of the eye for a minute or two?

1. ATo reduce drainage into the nose and absorption into blood
2. BTo spread the drop evenly over the eyelid
3. CTo stop the eye from producing tears for about an hour
4. DTo make the pupil dilate faster

Why is testing for HLA-B*15:02 recommended before carbamazepine in people of some Asian ancestries?

1. AThis gene variant causes carbamazepine to raise blood glucose
2. BThis gene variant makes carbamazepine ineffective
3. CIt greatly raises the risk of Stevens–Johnson syndrome
4. DThis gene variant speeds up the kidney excretion of carbamazepine

A patient with epilepsy needs pain relief. Why is tramadol used with caution?

1. AIt causes a sharp rise in blood glucose
2. BIt always causes respiratory arrest in epilepsy
3. CIt lowers the seizure threshold
4. DIt speeds up the metabolism of all antiepileptic drugs

A patient taking carbimazole or methimazole (thiamazole) for Graves' disease reports a sore throat and fever. What should the nurse suspect and do?

1. AA common cold; advise rest and fluids and continue the drug as usual
2. BAgranulocytosis; stop the drug and check the white cell count urgently
3. CHypothyroidism; add levothyroxine at once
4. DThyroid storm; double the next dose of the drug