정답이 있는 약리학 학습지

How does tramadol relieve pain?

1. ABlocking COX enzymes in the periphery
2. BBlocking sodium channels in peripheral nerves
3. CAntagonising NMDA receptors in the spinal cord and blocking sodium channels
4. DWeak opioid agonism plus inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin and noradrenaline

Nicotine replacement therapy is used to:

1. AReduce withdrawal and cravings when stopping smoking
2. BMake cigarettes taste unpleasant
3. CRepair the lung damage caused by years of smoking
4. DBlock nicotine receptors completely

"생체이용률"은 무엇을 나타내나요?

1. A약이 배설되는 속도
2. B순환 중에 혈장 단백질에 결합해 있는 용량의 비율
3. C약이 수용체에 결합하는 세기
4. D용량 중 변하지 않은 채 전신 순환에 도달하는 비율

Which blood test is commonly used to monitor a continuous infusion of unfractionated heparin?

1. AActivated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
2. BSerum potassium
3. CHaemoglobin A1c
4. DINR (international normalised ratio, prothrombin time)

어떤 약이 간 효소 CYP3A4를 억제합니다. 주로 CYP3A4로 대사되는 두 번째 약에는 어떤 일이 생길 수 있나요?

1. A혈중 농도가 내려가 평소 용량에서는 효과가 없어질 수 있다
2. B신장에서 더 빨리 배설된다
3. C효소는 다른 약에 영향을 주지 않으므로 아무 일도 없다
4. D혈중 농도가 올라 부작용 위험이 커진다

How should a topical corticosteroid cream usually be applied?

1. AAs a thin layer to the affected area only, as directed
2. BAs a thick layer over the whole body
3. COn broken, infected skin to speed healing
4. DUnder a tight plastic dressing every night without advice

Why is pethidine (meperidine) avoided in older people and in kidney impairment?

1. AIt is not absorbed from the gut when kidney function is poor
2. BIts metabolite norpethidine builds up and can cause seizures
3. CIt causes severe hypoglycaemia in these groups
4. DIt has no pain-relieving effect in older people

A patient on heparin for 7 days has a platelet count that has fallen by more than half, and a new leg vein thrombosis. What is the most likely cause and the key action?

1. AVitamin K deficiency; give vitamin K and continue heparin
2. BHeparin-induced thrombocytopenia; stop all heparin
3. CNormal dilution of platelets; continue and recheck in a week
4. DWarfarin skin necrosis; switch from heparin to warfarin at once