Užduočių lapas tema Laboratorinės reikšmės ir elektrolitai su atsakymais

Koks būdingas serumo osmoliališkumo atskaitos intervalas?

1. AMaždaug 135–145 mOsm/kg
2. BMaždaug 50–100 mOsm/kg
3. CMaždaug 400–500 mOsm/kg
4. DMaždaug 275–295 mOsm/kg

Koks būdingas suaugusiojo bendrojo kalcio koncentracijos serume atskaitos intervalas?

1. AMaždaug 12–16 mg/dL (3,0–4,0 mmol/L)
2. BMaždaug 8,5–10,5 mg/dL (2,1–2,6 mmol/L)
3. CMaždaug 3,5–5,0 mg/dL (0,87–1,25 mmol/L)
4. DMaždaug 1,3–2,1 mg/dL (0,3–0,5 mmol/L)

What is the effect of insulin on serum potassium?

1. AIt has no effect on potassium in any amount
2. BIt moves potassium out of cells, raising the serum level
3. CIt moves potassium into cells, lowering the serum level
4. DIt makes the kidneys keep more potassium in the blood

Why must vitamin B₁₂ deficiency be ruled out before treating macrocytic anemia with folic acid alone?

1. AFolic acid causes iron overload when B₁₂ levels are low
2. BFolic acid can fix the anemia while B₁₂-related nerve damage continues
3. CFolic acid blocks the absorption of all B₁₂ from the diet
4. DFolic acid makes B₁₂ deficiency anemia much worse within a few days

How does the nurse start a 24-hour urine collection at 08:00?

1. ASave the 08:00 urine as the first sample, then collect until 08:00 the next day
2. BSave three samples spread across the day and discard all of the urine passed at night
3. CCollect only the first urine passed on waking, and repeat this the next morning
4. DHave the patient void and discard that urine, then save all urine until 08:00 the next day

A patient with suspected pulmonary TB needs sputum samples for acid-fast bacilli. Which instruction is correct?

1. AGive several deep-cough samples, often first thing in the morning
2. BGive one sample of saliva collected from the mouth at any time of day
3. CGive one sample after brushing with mouthwash so it is clean
4. DGive several samples of nasal mucus blown into a tissue

Pacientui, kurio trombocitų skaičius 35 × 10³/µL, paskirta injekcija į raumenis. Ką turėtų daryti slaugytojas?

1. AAtlikti injekciją ir uždėti šiltą kompresą
2. BPaklausti skiriančiojo gydytojo, ar galima naudoti kitą būdą
3. CAtlikti injekciją kaip paskirta ir stipriai masažuoti vietą
4. DAtlikti injekciją ilgesne adata

A patient has taken metformin for 8 years and now has numbness in the feet, a hemoglobin of 10,2 g/dL (102 g/L) and an MCV of 108 fL. Which deficiency is most likely?

1. AVitamin K deficiency
2. BVitamin B₁₂ deficiency
3. CIron deficiency from gut loss
4. DVitamin D (calciferol) deficiency