Užduočių lapas tema Laboratorinės reikšmės ir elektrolitai su atsakymais

What does a "stat" laboratory order mean?

1. AThe test is done if time allows
2. BThe test is done at night
3. CThe test is done immediately
4. DThe test is done next week

What is the usual target INR for a patient taking warfarin for a deep vein thrombosis?

1. A1,0–1,5
2. B2,0–3,0
3. C0,8–1,2
4. D4,0–5,0

Which condition commonly causes a high serum potassium?

1. ARepeated vomiting
2. BLoop diuretic use
3. CKidney failure
4. DSevere diarrhea

Which instruction is correct for a patient taking an oral potassium chloride supplement?

1. ACrush the extended-release tablets and mix them with a little water if needed
2. BTake it with food and a full glass of water, and do not crush extended-release tablets
3. CUse a salt substitute as well, so less of the tablet is needed each day
4. DTake it on an empty stomach with only a small sip of water to speed absorption

A patient with hyperkalemia is prescribed an oral potassium binder such as patiromer or sodium zirconium cyclosilicate. How does this drug lower potassium?

1. AIt protects the heart muscle against high potassium levels
2. BIt stops the kidneys from absorbing water in the tubules
3. CIt binds potassium in the gut so it leaves in the stool
4. DIt moves potassium into cells in the next few minutes

How does normal pregnancy usually affect serum creatinine?

1. AIt rises, because GFR falls
2. BIt falls, because GFR rises
3. CIt rises with every week
4. DIt stays exactly the same

A patient with diabetes and chronic kidney disease had a CT scan with IV contrast. Two days later, the creatinine has risen from 1,4 to 2,0 mg/dL (124 to 177 µmol/L). Which action is most appropriate?

1. AReport it, monitor urine output and hold metformin until reviewed
2. BIgnore it, because contrast never affects kidney function
3. CRestrict all fluids to protect the kidneys from more contrast
4. DGive extra metformin, because the glucose rises after contrast

A patient taking isoniazid for latent TB reports nausea, loss of appetite and dark urine. The ALT is five times the upper limit of normal. What is the best action?

1. AHold the isoniazid and report the findings to the prescriber at once
2. BDouble the dose to finish the treatment course more quickly
3. CReassure the patient that dark urine is a harmless drug effect
4. DContinue the isoniazid and give it with food to settle the stomach