Užduočių lapas tema Laboratorinės reikšmės ir elektrolitai su atsakymais

Which blood group is the universal donor for red blood cells in an emergency?

1. AGroup AB, Rh positive
2. BGroup O, Rh negative
3. CGroup B, Rh positive
4. DGroup A, Rh negative

Which drug commonly causes a low serum potassium?

1. AFurosemide
2. BSpironolactone
3. CAmiloride
4. DLisinopril

Serum creatinine comes mainly from:

1. AThe breakdown of old red cells in the spleen
2. BThe normal breakdown of creatine in muscle
3. CThe digestion of protein by gut bacteria
4. DThe breakdown of dietary fat in the liver

A patient has a calcium of 11,8 mg/dL (2,95 mmol/L) from bone metastases. Which nursing measure is appropriate?

1. AOffer extra milk and cheese at each meal
2. BEncourage fluids and mobility as tolerated
3. CEncourage bed rest and limit oral fluids
4. DGive calcium carbonate antacids for nausea

A patient starts high-dose prednisone. Which laboratory change should the nurse expect?

1. AA fall in serum sodium
2. BA rise in serum potassium
3. CA fall in the white cell count
4. DA rise in blood glucose

When should the nurse check the glucose before giving a mealtime dose of rapid-acting insulin (such as lispro)?

1. AJust before the meal, giving insulin when the food is ready
2. BOnly once a day, then giving the same dose before every meal
3. CAt bedtime only, then giving the mealtime insulin overnight
4. DTwo hours after the meal, then giving the insulin dose

A patient recovering from acute tubular necrosis now passes 4–5 L of urine a day. Which electrolyte changes should the nurse watch for?

1. ALow potassium and low sodium from urine losses
2. BNo changes, because the kidneys are now normal
3. CHigh potassium and high sodium from retention
4. DHigh calcium and high phosphate from bone loss

A patient with ongoing hemolytic anemia has an HbA1c of 4,6%, but home glucose readings are often 180–220 mg/dL (10–12 mmol/L). What best explains the gap?

1. AShort red cell life span lowers the HbA1c falsely
2. BThe home glucose meter is reading falsely high
3. CThe patient has true, well-controlled diabetes
4. DHemolysis makes the HbA1c test read too high