Užduočių lapas tema Vidaus ligų ir chirurginė slauga: širdies ir kraujagyslių bei kvėpavimo sistemos su atsakymais

What is the main cause of varicose veins?

1. ANarrowing of the leg arteries by plaque
2. BFaulty valves in the superficial leg veins
3. CA clot blocking a deep vein in the calf
4. DInflammation of the lymph nodes in the groin

What is the main function of the epiglottis?

1. AIt warms and moistens the air on its way into the lungs
2. BIt divides the trachea into two bronchi
3. CIt covers the entrance to the larynx during swallowing
4. DIt vibrates to produce the sound of the voice when speaking

What happens to the lungs in emphysema?

1. AThe bronchi become permanently widened and repeatedly infected
2. BThe airways narrow briefly and fully recover
3. CThe pleural space slowly fills with fluid that compresses the lung
4. DAlveolar walls are destroyed, reducing the surface for gas exchange

Kodėl nitratai labai atsargiai vartojami esant dešiniojo skilvelio infarktui?

1. ANitratai šio tipo infarkto metu sukelia pavojingą hiperkalemiją
2. BDešinysis skilvelis priklauso nuo priešapkrovos, todėl kraujospūdis gali staigiai kristi
3. CNitratai neįsisavinami, kai pažeistas dešinysis skilvelis
4. DNitratai sukelia infarkto išplitimą į kairįjį skilvelį

A patient uses a salbutamol (albuterol) inhaler and a steroid inhaler at the same times each day. Which order is usually taught?

1. ASalbutamol first, then the steroid after a short wait
2. BSteroid first, then salbutamol straight afterwards
3. CThe order makes no difference to either drug
4. DBoth inhalers puffed together in one breath

A patient uses a glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) patch for angina. Why is it usually removed for several hours each day?

1. AA nitrate-free interval prevents tolerance
2. BThe skin needs a break to absorb a larger dose
3. CThe patch works only during the night
4. DIt lowers the risk of a high potassium level

A ventilated patient is coughing, and the high-pressure alarm sounds. Coarse sounds are heard over the trachea. What should the nurse do first?

1. AIncrease the tidal volume on the ventilator to overcome it
2. BTurn the alarm off and reassess the patient in an hour
3. CAssess the patient and suction if secretions are present
4. DDeflate the endotracheal tube cuff fully

During drainage of a large pleural effusion, a patient starts coughing and feels tight in the chest. What should the nurse do?

1. AStop or clamp the drainage and inform the doctor
2. BSpeed up the drainage to finish quickly
3. CAsk the patient to cough harder to help the flow
4. DLie the patient flat until the drainage is complete