Užduočių lapas tema Vidaus ligų ir chirurginė slauga: širdies ir kraujagyslių bei kvėpavimo sistemos su atsakymais

Kodėl LOPL sergančius pacientus mokoma kvėpuoti sučiauptomis lūpomis?

1. ATai mažina norą kosėti dienos metu
2. BTai palaiko mažuosius kvėpavimo takus atvirus iškvepiant
3. CTai padidina įkvepiamo oro deguonies kiekį
4. DTai stiprina diafragmą įkvepiant

What is Kussmaul breathing?

1. ADeep, rapid breathing in response to metabolic acidosis
2. BVery slow, shallow breathing from opioids
3. CNoisy breathing caused by a blocked upper airway
4. DBreathing that alternates between deep breaths and pauses

Which drug reverses the effect of unfractionated heparin?

1. AVitamin K (phytomenadione)
2. BFlumazenil
3. CProtamine sulfate
4. DNaloxone

During airway suctioning, when should suction be applied?

1. AOnly while inserting the catheter
2. BBefore the catheter enters the airway
3. CContinuously for at least 30 seconds
4. DOnly while withdrawing the catheter

A patient is starting doxazosin, an alpha-blocker, for hypertension. Which advice is most important?

1. ATake it with a large glass of grapefruit juice to improve absorption
2. BTake the first dose at bedtime, as dizziness and fainting can occur
3. CStop it suddenly if the heart rate rises after the first few doses
4. DAvoid all potassium-containing foods

What is the purpose of cardiac resynchronisation therapy (a biventricular pacemaker)?

1. ATo deliver a shock whenever the heart rate exceeds 100/min
2. BTo replace a damaged heart valve
3. CTo slow the atrial rate in patients with atrial fibrillation
4. DTo make both ventricles contract together and more efficiently

A frightened young woman is breathing fast and has tingling fingers. Her blood gas shows pH 7,50 and a low PaCO₂. SpO₂ is 99% on air. What does this show?

1. ARespiratory alkalosis from hyperventilation
2. BMetabolic acidosis from kidney failure
3. CMetabolic alkalosis from vomiting
4. DRespiratory acidosis from hypoventilation

Ten days after cardiac surgery, a patient has a fever, a red sternal wound with discharge and a clicking feeling in the chest when coughing. What should the nurse suspect?

1. ASternal wound infection with an unstable sternum
2. BNormal wound healing with some expected discharge
3. CPericarditis from the operation
4. DCostochondritis caused by forceful coughing