Užduočių lapas tema Vidaus ligų ir chirurginė slauga: širdies ir kraujagyslių bei kvėpavimo sistemos su atsakymais

Together with fever, which finding should raise suspicion of infective endocarditis?

1. AA dry, tickly cough
2. BPain in one calf
3. CA slow heart rate
4. DA new heart murmur

How does CPAP help in obstructive sleep apnoea?

1. AIt removes carbon dioxide through a filter
2. BConstant positive pressure holds the upper airway open
3. CIt slows the breathing rate during sleep
4. DIt delivers a drug that relaxes the airway muscles overnight

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is an inherited cause of which lung disease?

1. APneumothorax
2. BEmphysema
3. CLung cancer
4. DAsthma

How is orthostatic (postural) hypotension usually assessed?

1. ABP lying after rest, then again after 1 and 3 minutes standing
2. BBP in both arms at the same moment while sitting
3. CBP once sitting, then once lying down straight after a large meal
4. DBP only standing, after a brisk walk along the corridor

Kas yra išstūmimo frakcija?

1. AKairiojo skilvelio slėgis diastolinio prisipildymo pabaigoje
2. BKraujo tūris, išpumpuojamas per vieną širdies susitraukimą
3. CKraujo tūris, kurį širdis išpumpuoja per minutę
4. DKiekvieno susitraukimo metu išstumiamo skilvelio kraujo procentinė dalis

A patient on nasal cannula oxygen breathes mainly through the mouth. What is the most accurate statement?

1. AThe flow must be increased to 15 L/min to make it work at all
2. BThe cannula should be placed in the mouth
3. CIt can still work, because oxygen collects in the nasopharynx
4. DIt has no effect at all in mouth breathers and must be stopped

Which task for a stable patient with heart failure can the registered nurse most appropriately delegate to a healthcare assistant (unlicensed assistive personnel)?

1. AMeasuring and recording the morning weight
2. BTeaching the patient about a low-salt diet
3. CAssessing lung sounds for new crackles
4. DDeciding whether to give the furosemide dose

A patient with both COPD and heart disease is more breathless, with bilateral basal crackles, raised JVP, ankle swelling and a markedly raised NT-proBNP. Which problem is most likely driving this episode?

1. AA primary spontaneous pneumothorax
2. BDecompensated heart failure
3. CAn asthma attack
4. DHyperventilation from anxiety