Užduočių lapas tema Vidaus ligų ir chirurginė slauga: širdies ir kraujagyslių bei kvėpavimo sistemos su atsakymais

What is cor pulmonale?

1. AInflammation of the lining around the heart
2. BRight-sided heart failure caused by lung disease
3. CLeft-sided heart failure caused by a heart attack
4. DInfection of the heart valves

What is the classic clinical definition of chronic bronchitis?

1. AWheeze and chest tightness that occur only during exercise
2. BA single episode of coughing up blood after a chest infection
3. CA dry cough lasting about one week after a common cold
4. DA cough with sputum most days for 3 months in 2 years running

Which drug reverses the effect of unfractionated heparin?

1. AProtamine sulfate
2. BNaloxone
3. CFlumazenil
4. DVitamin K (phytomenadione)

Why must intravenous potassium chloride never be given as a rapid push or undiluted?

1. AIt works only when given by mouth
2. BA sudden high potassium level can cause cardiac arrest
3. CIt turns into solid crystals inside the vein and blocks it
4. DIt immediately lowers the blood glucose to dangerous levels

What is the main problem in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction?

1. AA leaking aortic valve
2. BA stiff ventricle that fills poorly in diastole
3. CA dilated ventricle that cannot contract strongly
4. DA blocked pulmonary artery

A patient is starting doxazosin, an alpha-blocker, for hypertension. Which advice is most important?

1. AStop it suddenly if the heart rate rises after the first few doses
2. BAvoid all potassium-containing foods
3. CTake it with a large glass of grapefruit juice to improve absorption
4. DTake the first dose at bedtime, as dizziness and fainting can occur

Sunkaus astmos priepuolio metu paciento PaCO₂ iš mažo pasidaro normalus, o jis atrodo išsekęs. Ką tai reiškia?

1. APacientas hiperventiliuoja dėl nerimo
2. BMėginys greičiausiai veninis ir jį galima ignoruoti
3. CPacientas pavargsta ir gali išsivystyti kvėpavimo nepakankamumas
4. DPriepuolis slūgsta ir gydymą galima mažinti

A patient with stable severe COPD has a blood gas showing pH 7,37, a raised PaCO₂ and a raised bicarbonate. How should this be interpreted?

1. AAcute respiratory acidosis needing emergency intubation
2. BA normal blood gas with no abnormality
3. CRespiratory alkalosis from hyperventilation
4. DChronic respiratory acidosis with metabolic compensation