Užduočių lapas tema Vidaus ligų ir chirurginė slauga: širdies ir kraujagyslių bei kvėpavimo sistemos su atsakymais

In an adult over 40, an added third heart sound (S3) most often suggests which problem?

1. AInflammation of the pericardium
2. BA narrowed aortic valve
3. CA normal finding of good fitness
4. DHeart failure with fluid overload

What is the main cause of COPD in high-income countries?

1. AA viral infection
2. BCigarette smoking
3. CEating too much salt
4. DChildhood asthma

In a tension pneumothorax, which way does the trachea usually shift?

1. AIt never moves in a pneumothorax
2. BAway from the affected side
3. CTowards the affected side
4. DUpwards towards the chin

A patient with a mechanical heart valve asks to switch from warfarin to apixaban. What is the correct response?

1. AAspirin alone can replace warfarin once the valve has healed
2. BDirect oral anticoagulants are not used for mechanical valves
3. CAny anticoagulant works equally well once the valve is in place
4. DMechanical valves do not need anticoagulation after the first month

A patient has a heart rate of 36/min with hypotension and dizziness. Which drug is usually the first choice?

1. AIntravenous adenosine
2. BIntravenous amiodarone
3. COral bisoprolol
4. DIntravenous atropine

How does ezetimibe lower cholesterol?

1. AIt blocks cholesterol production by enzymes in the liver
2. BIt dissolves plaques already in the arteries
3. CIt increases cholesterol loss in the urine
4. DIt reduces absorption of cholesterol from the gut

Four surgical patients need VTE prevention. For which patient is mechanical prophylaxis alone most appropriate?

1. AA patient with cancer having bowel surgery
2. BAn obese patient after hip surgery
3. CA patient after an uncomplicated knee replacement
4. DA patient who had a brain haemorrhage two days ago

Pacientui, kuriam žinoma periferinių arterijų liga, staiga atsiranda šalta, balta, skausminga pėda be pulso ir nutirpę pirštai. Kas prioritetas?

1. ASkatinti vaikščioti, kad atsivertų kolateralinė kraujotaka
2. BUždėti kompresinį tvarstį kraujotakai pagerinti
3. CNedelsiant kviesti skubią pagalbą; kojos nekelti, nešildyti
4. DKojas pakelti ant pagalvių ir pėdą šildyti šilto vandens buteliu