Užduočių lapas tema Vidaus ligų ir chirurginė slauga: širdies ir kraujagyslių bei kvėpavimo sistemos su atsakymais

On spirometry, what does a reduced FEV₁/FVC ratio indicate?

1. ALow haemoglobin
2. BWeak heart muscle
3. CObstruction to airflow
4. DNormal lung function

What does stridor usually indicate?

1. ANarrowing of the small airways
2. BNarrowing of the upper airway
3. CInflammation of the pleura
4. DFluid in the alveoli

What is the correct first aid for an adult with a nosebleed?

1. ALie flat on the back with the head turned to one side for an hour
2. BBlow the nose hard to clear the clots
3. CSit forward and pinch the soft part of the nose for 10–15 minutes
4. DTilt the head back and pinch the bony bridge of the nose firmly

How big should a suction catheter be compared with the tracheostomy or endotracheal tube?

1. ANo more than half the internal diameter of the tube
2. BExactly the same diameter as the tube, for a tight fit
3. CLarger than the tube, so that it clears it completely
4. DAny size, as the diameter does not matter

A patient taking simvastatin drinks a large glass of grapefruit juice every morning. Why is this a concern?

1. AIt stops the statin from being absorbed from the gut at all
2. BIt causes the cholesterol level to rise sharply
3. CIt raises statin levels and the risk of muscle damage
4. DIt turns the statin into a blood thinner

Why is a beta-blocker started at a low dose and increased slowly in heart failure?

1. AIt is safe only at the highest possible dose from the very start
2. BIt can briefly worsen symptoms before long-term benefit appears
3. CIt works only if the dose is never changed after the first day
4. DIt must be stopped as soon as symptoms improve

A patient with COPD who is known to retain CO₂ arrives on 15 L/min oxygen. They are now drowsy with SpO₂ 99%. What is the most appropriate action?

1. AKeep the oxygen at 15 L/min because the saturation is excellent
2. BReduce the oxygen to aim for 88–92% and get a blood gas
3. CRemove the oxygen completely and observe
4. DGive a sedative to help the patient rest

A ventilated patient with severe ARDS is to be turned prone. What is the main reason, and the key nursing risk?

1. AIt improves oxygenation; risks are pressure injury and tube displacement
2. BIt improves digestion and gut motility; the main risk is constipation
3. CIt lowers the blood pressure; the main risk is rebound hypertension
4. DIt treats infection; the risk is fever