Užduočių lapas tema Vidaus ligų ir chirurginė slauga: širdies ir kraujagyslių bei kvėpavimo sistemos su atsakymais

How is cardiac output calculated?

1. AHeart rate multiplied by stroke volume
2. BSystolic pressure minus diastolic pressure
3. CMean arterial pressure multiplied by heart rate
4. DStroke volume divided by heart rate

Where is the apex beat normally felt in an adult?

1. AOver the middle of the breastbone
2. BThe second intercostal space to the right of the sternum
3. CThe fifth intercostal space in the left mid-clavicular line
4. DJust below the right nipple

What is an aneurysm?

1. AA tear in the inner lining of a vein
2. BAn abnormal bulging of a weakened artery wall
3. CA blood clot in a deep vein
4. DA complete blockage of an artery by plaque

A patient with a mechanical heart valve asks to switch from warfarin to apixaban. What is the correct response?

1. AMechanical valves do not need anticoagulation after the first month
2. BAspirin alone can replace warfarin once the valve has healed
3. CDirect oral anticoagulants are not used for mechanical valves
4. DAny anticoagulant works equally well once the valve is in place

Why is a raised serum lactate concerning in a patient with shock?

1. AIt suggests tissues are short of oxygen and using anaerobic metabolism
2. BIt confirms a bacterial infection is present
3. CIt means the kidneys are working harder than normal to clear fluid
4. DIt shows only that the patient has eaten a large meal in the past hour

A pulse oximeter on a patient's finger gives an unreliable, flickering reading. Which factor is the most likely cause?

1. AThe patient sitting upright in a chair
2. BA regular heart rate of 75 beats per minute
3. CThe patient having eaten recently
4. DCold hands with poor peripheral circulation

A patient has been on continuous NIV via a full-face mask for two days. Which nursing measure helps prevent the most common complication?

1. ACheck mask fit and protect the bridge of the nose
2. BRemove the mask for an hour each time the alarm sounds
3. CUse the same mask size for every patient
4. DTighten the straps as far as they will go to stop any leak

Po klubo operacijos pacientas staiga uždunda ir susijaudina, širdies susitraukimų dažnis 124/min., SpO₂ 86 % kvėpuojant kambario oru, kvėpuojant jaučia aštrų skausmą. Krūtinė girdisi švari. Ką slaugytojas turėtų daryti pirmiausia?

1. AVaikščioti su pacientu po skyrių, kad pagerėtų kvėpavimas
2. BDuoti raminamąjį nerimui ir pakartotinai patikrinti po valandos
3. CDuoti deguonies, pasodinti, kviesti skubią apžiūrą ir likti su pacientu
4. DPaguldyti pacientą ant nugaros ir pakelti abi kojas ant pagalvių