Užduočių lapas tema Farmakologija su atsakymais

Why is carbidopa combined with levodopa?

1. AIt stops levodopa turning into dopamine outside the brain
2. BIt converts levodopa into dopamine inside the gut
3. CIt increases the breakdown of dopamine in the liver
4. DIt blocks dopamine receptors to reduce nausea in the brain

Kas yra terapinis indeksas?

1. ALaikas iki pusiausvyros būsenos
2. BDozių skaičius per parą
3. CGeriamos dozės dalis, patenkanti į sisteminę kraujotaką, išreikšta procentais
4. DToksinės ir veiksmingos dozės santykis

Drugs whose names end in "-sartan", such as losartan, belong to which class?

1. ALoop diuretics
2. BACE inhibitors, which block the converting enzyme
3. CAngiotensin II receptor blockers
4. DAlpha-1 blockers

A patient is starting olanzapine. Which monitoring is most important over the following months?

1. AHearing tests and vision tests every month
2. BPeak expiratory flow
3. CWeight, blood glucose and blood lipids
4. DINR and platelet count

When should a patient take a once-daily proton pump inhibitor such as omeprazole?

1. AOnly when heartburn is severe
2. BAbout 30–60 minutes before the first meal of the day
3. CStraight after a large evening meal
4. DWith a glass of milk at bedtime, when acid output is highest

A patient takes cholestyramine. How should other oral medicines be timed?

1. ATake them all at the same time as cholestyramine
2. BTake them 1 hour before or several hours after cholestyramine
3. CMix them into the cholestyramine drink so they are taken together
4. DTiming does not matter, as cholestyramine is not absorbed

A patient with diabetic ketoacidosis is about to start an IV insulin infusion. Serum potassium is 3,1 mmol/L (mEq/L). Why is this a concern?

1. AInsulin raises potassium further and can cause cardiac arrest, so the infusion is given faster
2. BInsulin moves potassium into cells, so the level can fall dangerously low
3. CPotassium has no link with insulin, so the infusion is started as planned
4. DLow potassium makes insulin ineffective, so a higher dose is needed

A patient taking digoxin has nausea, yellow-green vision and a dangerous arrhythmia. Which specific treatment can bind the drug?

1. AProtamine sulfate
2. BFlumazenil
3. CDigoxin immune Fab (antibody fragments)
4. DIntravenous vitamin K (phytomenadione) given slowly