Užduočių lapas tema Farmakologija su atsakymais

Infliximab and adalimumab are biological drugs that block:

1. AVitamin K recycling
2. BHistamine H1 receptors in the skin and airways
3. CInsulin receptors
4. DTumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)

What is drug synergism?

1. ATwo drugs together produce exactly the sum of their separate effects
2. BTwo drugs together have a greater effect than the sum of each alone
3. CA drug loses its effect after repeated doses
4. DOne drug cancels out the effect of another drug

Finasteride is used in benign prostatic hyperplasia because it:

1. AIncreases testosterone production
2. BKills bacteria in the prostate
3. CRelaxes smooth muscle in the prostate within hours of the first dose
4. DInhibits 5-alpha reductase and slowly shrinks the prostate

A patient with Addison's disease on hydrocortisone develops a fever with flu. What is the usual advice?

1. AHalve the hydrocortisone to reduce side effects
2. BIncrease the dose as instructed (sick-day rules) and seek help if vomiting
3. CMake no change, as illness does not affect cortisol needs
4. DStop the hydrocortisone until the fever settles, to let the body recover

During a rapid infusion of vancomycin, a patient develops flushing and a red rash on the face, neck and upper body. What is the most likely cause and action?

1. AAcute kidney failure; stop all IV fluids and antibiotics at once
2. BA sign that the infection is spreading; give a second dose
3. CA normal effect; increase the infusion rate to finish sooner
4. DAn infusion reaction; stop or slow the infusion and inform the prescriber

During adult cardiac arrest, how often is IV adrenaline (epinephrine) usually repeated?

1. AEvery 30 seconds
2. BEvery 15–20 minutes
3. CEvery 3–5 minutes
4. DOnce only, at the start

Digoksiną ir furosemidą vartojančiam pacientui atsiranda pykinimas, regėjimo sutrikimai ir nereguliarus pulsas. Kuris elektrolitų sutrikimas greičiausiai padidino apsinuodijimo digoksinu tikimybę?

1. AHipernatremija
2. BHipokalemija
3. CHiperkalemija
4. DHipokalcemija

Kodeiną į morfiną paverčia CYP2D6. Kas nutinka pacientui, kuris yra itin spartus CYP2D6 metabolizuotojas?

1. AKodeinas nepakitęs išskiriamas su šlapimu
2. BSusidaro daugiau morfino, todėl didėja apsinuodijimo opioidais rizika
3. CKodeinas beveik nemalšina skausmo, nes susidaro mažai morfino
4. DKodeinas paverčiamas tik neaktyviu junginiu