Lembaran kerja Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakit dengan jawapan

When should a nurse wash hands with soap and water rather than use an alcohol-based hand rub?

1. ABefore every subcutaneous injection
2. BWhen the hands are visibly soiled
3. CBefore putting on clean gloves
4. DAfter touching a patient’s bed rail

Why are patients usually kept nil by mouth (NPO) for a period before general anesthesia?

1. ATo prevent the patient from needing the toilet
2. BTo lower the risk of a wound infection
3. CTo reduce the risk of aspirating stomach contents
4. DTo make the patient lose weight before surgery

Which lab value commonly rises with inflammation and infection?

1. ASerum sodium
2. BHemoglobin
3. CSerum albumin
4. DC-reactive protein (CRP)

An order reads “Give potassium chloride by IV push.” What should the nurse do?

1. AGive half by IV push and the rest later
2. BGive it slowly by IV push over two minutes while watching the cardiac monitor
3. CDilute it in a small syringe and push it
4. DNot give it, and contact the prescriber, because it is never given by IV push

A patient with diabetes will use lancets and insulin needles at home. Which teaching about disposal is correct?

1. APut them loose in the household trash bag, as long as the bag is tied shut
2. BRecap each needle with two hands before putting it in the kitchen trash
3. CFlush the used lancets and needles down the toilet
4. DPut them in a puncture-resistant container with a lid and follow local disposal rules

Why are patients on long-term corticosteroids at higher risk from infections?

1. ASteroids only affect the risk of fungal skin rashes
2. BSteroids kill the patient’s normal skin bacteria
3. CSteroids make the patient’s blood more acidic, which helps bacteria grow
4. DSteroids suppress the immune response and can hide signs of infection

A patient with fever and a spreading rash is suspected of having smallpox. Which precautions are needed?

1. AContact precautions only
2. BStandard precautions only
3. CDroplet precautions with a surgical mask
4. DAirborne and contact precautions

While preparing a chemotherapy infusion, the drug splashes onto a nurse’s forearm. What should the nurse do first?

1. AWipe the skin with an alcohol swab and continue preparing the infusion
2. BCover the area with a dressing and report later
3. CFinish hanging the infusion and then wash the skin
4. DRemove contaminated PPE and wash the skin with soap and water at once