Lembaran kerja Nilai makmal & elektrolit dengan jawapan

Lembaran kerja Nilai makmal & elektrolit percuma untuk dicetak: 8 soalan dari mudah hingga tahap peperiksaan, dengan skema jawapan. Cetak atau simpan sebagai PDF.

Lembaran kerja baharuBerlatih dalam talian dengan petunjuk

Untuk pensyarah dan guru: percuma untuk dicetak, disalin dan digunakan di dalam kelas. Setiap lembaran kerja baharu mempunyai nilai baharu dan skema jawapannya sendiri. Pautan ke ExamProblems di halaman kursus anda amat dihargai.

Nama: ____________________   Tarikh: ____________

1.Mudah

What is the main effect of aldosterone on the kidneys?

  1. ASodium is excreted and potassium is retained
  2. BCalcium is retained and phosphate is excreted
  3. CGlucose is retained and urea is excreted
  4. DSodium is retained and potassium is excreted
2.Mudah

What is the typical range of urine pH?

  1. AAbout 7.35–7.45
  2. BAbout 1.0–2.0
  3. CAbout 9.0–11.0
  4. DAbout 4.5–8.0
3.Mudah

On urinalysis, dark amber urine with a high specific gravity most often suggests:

  1. AVery dilute urine from high fluid intake
  2. BConcentrated urine from low fluid intake
  3. CNormal urine after drinking extra water
  4. DUrine with a large amount of glucose
4.Sederhana

A patient taking empagliflozin (an SGLT2 inhibitor) has glucose in the urine but a normal blood glucose. What is the best interpretation?

  1. AAn expected effect of the drug
  2. BA sign of kidney failure
  3. CUncontrolled diabetes needing insulin
  4. DA urinary tract infection
5.Sederhana

Nilai makmal manakah yang paling baik menggambarkan punca kekeliruan pada pesakit dengan penyakit hati yang teruk dan getaran mengibas?

  1. AAmmonia serum yang meningkat
  2. BKalium serum rendah sahaja
  3. CTroponin yang meningkat
  4. DLipase serum yang rendah
6.Sederhana

Two sets of blood cultures are ordered for a patient with suspected sepsis. How are they best collected?

  1. AFrom the existing IV line while the infusion continues to run
  2. BAfter the first antibiotic dose, so the infusion is not delayed
  3. CBoth from the same site, one minute apart, to save time for the patient
  4. DFrom two separate venipuncture sites, using strict aseptic technique
7.Sukar

A patient with blood pressure that is hard to control has a potassium of 2.9 mEq/L, a sodium of 144 mEq/L and a raised serum bicarbonate, without taking a diuretic. Which condition is most likely?

  1. APrimary hyperaldosteronism
  2. BPrimary adrenal insufficiency
  3. CSyndrome of inappropriate ADH
  4. DCentral diabetes insipidus
8.Sukar

A patient on long-term amiodarone has fatigue and weight gain. TSH is 11 mIU/L and the free T4 is low. What is the most likely explanation?

  1. AAmiodarone-induced hypothyroidism
  2. BAmiodarone-induced hyperthyroidism
  3. CA normal response to amiodarone needing no action
  4. DSecondary hypothyroidism from pituitary failure

Kunci jawapan

  1. 1. D · Sodium is retained and potassium is excreted
  2. 2. D · About 4.5–8.0
  3. 3. B · Concentrated urine from low fluid intake
  4. 4. A · An expected effect of the drug
  5. 5. A · Ammonia serum yang meningkat
  6. 6. D · From two separate venipuncture sites, using strict aseptic technique
  7. 7. A · Primary hyperaldosteronism
  8. 8. A · Amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism

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