Lembaran kerja Nilai makmal & elektrolit dengan jawapan

A raised procalcitonin level most strongly suggests:

1. AA viral common cold
2. BAn allergic reaction
3. CA bacterial infection
4. DIron-deficiency anemia

A low mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) means that the red cells are:

1. AMore numerous than normal
2. BShaped like a sickle
3. CLarger than normal (macrocytic)
4. DPaler than normal (hypochromic)

What is the purpose of a type and crossmatch before a transfusion?

1. ATo test the donor blood for bacterial contamination only
2. BTo measure how much iron is stored in the patient's bone marrow
3. CTo check that donor blood is compatible with the patient's blood
4. DTo find out how quickly the patient's blood forms a clot

A patient with joint aches has a positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) test. Which statement is correct?

1. AA positive ANA means the patient has a viral infection
2. BA positive ANA rules out all other autoimmune diseases
3. CA positive ANA supports lupus but does not diagnose it alone
4. DA positive ANA proves the patient has rheumatoid arthritis

How does normal pregnancy usually affect serum creatinine?

1. AIt stays exactly the same
2. BIt rises with every week
3. CIt falls, because GFR rises
4. DIt rises, because GFR falls

An older adult takes lisinopril and furosemide and recently started daily ibuprofen for knee pain. The creatinine has risen from 1.0 to 1.8 mg/dL (88 to 159 µmol/L). What is the most likely cause?

1. AMore activity has increased the patient's muscle mass quickly
2. BNormal aging of the kidneys over a period of a few weeks
3. CThe NSAID reduces kidney blood flow on top of the other two drugs
4. DA laboratory error, since ibuprofen has no effect on the kidney

A patient has fatigue, weight gain and constipation. Results: TSH 24 mIU/L, free T₄ low, total cholesterol 285 mg/dL (7.4 mmol/L), sodium 131 mEq/L. What is the best interpretation?

1. AHyperthyroidism, with suppressed thyroid hormone production
2. BFamilial hypercholesterolemia, unrelated to the thyroid results
3. CSecondary hypothyroidism from failure of the pituitary gland
4. DPrimary hypothyroidism, which can raise lipids and lower sodium

A patient with suspected Cushing syndrome takes dexamethasone at night. The next morning, the cortisol is still high. What does this suggest?

1. AThe adrenal glands are not able to produce enough cortisol
2. BCortisol is being produced without normal feedback control
3. CThe patient has primary hypothyroidism instead
4. DThe result is normal, as dexamethasone raises cortisol