Lembaran kerja Nilai makmal & elektrolit dengan jawapan

What does a "stat" laboratory order mean?

1. AThe test is done immediately
2. BThe test is done at night
3. CThe test is done next week
4. DThe test is done if time allows

Where is urea, measured as blood urea nitrogen (BUN), made?

1. AIn the liver, from the breakdown of protein
2. BIn the muscles, from the breakdown of creatine
3. CIn the bone marrow, from old red blood cells
4. DIn the kidneys, from the breakdown of glucose

What is a typical reference range for urine specific gravity in an adult?

1. AAbout 0.900–0.990
2. BAbout 1.100–1.300
3. CAbout 1.040–1.060
4. DAbout 1.005–1.030

A patient with diabetes also takes propranolol. Why is regular glucose monitoring especially important?

1. AThe drug can mask warning signs of hypoglycemia
2. BThe drug stops the meter from reading correctly
3. CThe drug blocks the insulin injection site
4. DThe drug causes very high glucose in all patients

Seorang pesakit yang sedar dengan glukosa darah 54 mg/dL (3.0 mmol/L) telah mengambil 15 g karbohidrat bertindak pantas. Bilakah glukosa patut diperiksa semula?

1. APada waktu makan seterusnya
2. BSelepas kira-kira 15 minit
3. CSelepas kira-kira 2 jam
4. DPagi esok

Mengapakah pesakit dengan kegagalan hati boleh mempunyai INR yang meningkat tanpa mengambil warfarin?

1. ABilirubin memusnahkan faktor pembekuan secara langsung
2. BBuah pinggang berhenti menyingkirkan faktor pembekuan daripada darah
3. CAlbumin ialah faktor pembekuan, dan parasnya menurun
4. DHati menghasilkan kebanyakan faktor pembekuan, maka pengeluarannya menurun

A patient has painless jaundice, itching, dark urine and pale stools. ALP is markedly raised, conjugated (direct) bilirubin is high and ALT is only mildly raised. What is the most likely cause?

1. AGilbert syndrome, a harmless inherited bilirubin disorder
2. BBlockage of bile flow, for example by a tumor in the bile duct
3. CAcute viral hepatitis with widespread liver cell damage
4. DIncreased breakdown of red blood cells (hemolytic anemia)

A 68-year-old man has fatigue, a hemoglobin of 9.8 g/dL (98 g/L), an MCV of 72 fL and a low ferritin. He eats a normal diet. What is the most important next step?

1. AStart vitamin B₁₂ injections
2. BGive iron and do no further tests at all
3. CLook for a source of blood loss in the gut
4. DRepeat the blood count in one year