Lembaran kerja Nilai makmal & elektrolit dengan jawapan

Why is AST less specific for liver damage than ALT?

1. AAST is not measured in the blood at all
2. BAST is found only in the kidney tubules
3. CAST is made by the bone marrow, not the liver
4. DAST is also found in heart and skeletal muscle

What is the main effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on the kidneys?

1. AMore potassium is reabsorbed, so the serum potassium rises
2. BMore glucose is excreted, so the urine contains sugar
3. CMore water is excreted, so the urine becomes dilute
4. DMore water is reabsorbed, so urine is concentrated

Which fasting triglyceride level is commonly described as normal?

1. ABelow 150 mg/dL (1.7 mmol/L)
2. BAbove 500 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L)
3. CAbove 1,000 mg/dL (11.3 mmol/L)
4. DBetween 200 and 499 mg/dL (2.3–5.6 mmol/L)

A patient with hepatic encephalopathy is receiving lactulose. Which finding best shows that the treatment is effective?

1. AA rising serum ammonia with a slower flapping tremor
2. BNo bowel movement for 2 days and calm sleep
3. CTwo to three soft stools a day and clearer thinking
4. DSix to eight watery stools a day with dizziness

A stool test for Clostridioides difficile is ordered. Which sample is appropriate?

1. AAn unformed (liquid or soft) stool
2. BA formed, hard stool sample
3. CAny stool after a laxative dose
4. DA rectal swab from a patient with constipation

A patient with schizophrenia is starting clozapine. Which laboratory value must be monitored regularly?

1. ASerum lithium level
2. BSerum amylase
3. CInternational normalized ratio
4. DAbsolute neutrophil count

Empat keputusan makmal tiba. Yang manakah patut ditangani dahulu oleh jururawat?

1. ANatrium 137 mEq/L pada pesakit yang dimasukkan dengan pneumonia semalam
2. BGlukosa 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L) selepas makan pada pesakit diabetes
3. CHemoglobin 11.8 g/dL (118 g/L) pada pesakit penyakit buah pinggang kronik
4. DKalium 6.6 mEq/L pada pesakit CKD yang mengalami kelemahan otot baharu

After a crush injury, a patient's urine dipstick is strongly positive for blood, but microscopy shows almost no red cells. CK is very high. What best explains this?

1. AMyoglobin from damaged muscle is in the urine
2. BBleeding is coming from the bladder lining
3. CA kidney stone is scraping the ureter lining
4. DThe sample was contaminated with menstrual blood