Lembaran kerja Nilai makmal & elektrolit dengan jawapan

What is a typical reference range for the prothrombin time (PT) in a person not taking anticoagulants?

1. AAbout 3–5 minutes
2. BAbout 60–90 seconds
3. CAbout 11–13.5 seconds
4. DAbout 2–4 seconds

A raised alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in an adult is most closely linked to which cancer?

1. AProstate adenocarcinoma
2. BDuctal breast cancer
3. CHepatocellular (liver) cancer
4. DBladder urothelial cancer

Seorang warga emas ditemui di lantai selepas berbaring di situ selama berjam-jam. Ujian darah manakah yang paling baik menunjukkan pemecahan otot rangka (rabdomiolisis)?

1. AAlbumin serum
2. BHemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)
3. CKreatina kinase (CK)
4. DLipase serum

A patient with a low clinical probability of deep vein thrombosis has a normal (negative) D-dimer. What is the best interpretation?

1. AA DVT is unlikely and can usually be ruled out
2. BThe test is useless and should always be ignored
3. CA pulmonary embolism is now certain to be present
4. DA DVT is confirmed and anticoagulation is needed

On the first day after major surgery, a patient's white cell count is 12.5 × 10³/µL, with no fever or wound signs. What is the best interpretation?

1. AA laboratory error, since surgery lowers white cells
2. BA sign of leukemia that needs bone marrow testing
3. CA common stress response to surgery that is monitored
4. DDefinite wound infection that needs antibiotics now

Mengapakah kalsium keseluruhan yang rendah mesti ditafsir dengan berhati-hati pada pesakit dengan albumin serum yang rendah?

1. AAlbumin dan kalsium diukur dengan tindak balas kimia yang sama, maka ia sentiasa menurun bersama
2. BBanyak kalsium terikat pada albumin, maka kalsium keseluruhan menurun walaupun kalsium terion normal
3. CAlbumin rendah menjadikan setiap ujian kalsium tidak tepat dan tidak berguna
4. DAlbumin rendah sentiasa menyebabkan hipokalsemia sebenar yang bergejala

Seorang pesakit tanpa masalah buah pinggang dan ECG normal mempunyai kalium 6.2 mEq/L. Makmal mengulas bahawa sampel itu mengalami hemolisis. Apakah tafsiran yang terbaik?

1. ARawat serta-merta dengan insulin dan glukosa tanpa pemeriksaan lanjut
2. BPesakit mengalami kegagalan buah pinggang
3. CKalium pasti normal dan tidak memerlukan tindakan susulan
4. DKeputusan mungkin tinggi secara palsu; nilai pesakit dan sediakan sampel ulangan

A patient started methimazole for hyperthyroidism 6 weeks ago and now has a fever and a severe sore throat. Which action is most important?

1. ACheck the TSH and double the dose if it is still low
2. BHold the drug and arrange an urgent white cell and neutrophil count
3. CAdvise the patient to continue the drug and drink more fluid
4. DGive the next dose and suggest warm salt-water gargles for comfort