Lembaran kerja Nilai makmal & elektrolit dengan jawapan

Why is glucose normally absent from the urine?

1. AThe glomeruli do not filter glucose out of the blood at any level
2. BThe bladder lining breaks down any glucose that reaches the urine
3. CThe tubules reabsorb all filtered glucose at normal blood levels
4. DGlucose is changed into ketones before it reaches the urine

A tuberculin skin test (TST) is read as positive. What does this mean?

1. AThe person has never been exposed to TB bacteria
2. BThe person is fully immune and can never develop TB
3. CThe person definitely has active, contagious pulmonary TB
4. DThe person has been infected with TB bacteria at some point

Apakah julat rujukan dewasa yang lazim bagi kalium serum?

1. A1.3–2.1 mEq/L
2. B3.5–5.0 mEq/L
3. C6.0–8.0 mEq/L
4. D135–145 mEq/L

A patient with sickle cell disease takes hydroxyurea. Which laboratory test is monitored regularly for an adverse effect?

1. AComplete blood count
2. BSerum amylase level
3. CSerum lithium level
4. DUrine ketone level

A patient has burning on urination and frequency. The dipstick is positive for nitrites and leukocyte esterase, and a urine culture is ordered. When should the sample be taken?

1. AAt any time, as antibiotics do not matter
2. BAfter the symptoms have fully settled
3. CAfter 3 days of antibiotic treatment
4. DBefore the first dose of antibiotic

A patient starts lisinopril (an ACE inhibitor). Which laboratory values should the nurse expect to be monitored?

1. APotassium and creatinine
2. BALT and bilirubin
3. CTSH and free T₄
4. DCalcium and phosphate

Mengapakah keputusan HbA1c boleh mengelirukan pada pesakit yang menerima transfusi darah yang banyak dua minggu lalu?

1. ATransfusi sentiasa menaikkan HbA1c kepada paras tinggi secara palsu
2. BHbA1c tepat dalam setiap situasi
3. CHbA1c mengukur gula pada sel darah putih, bukan sel darah merah
4. DBanyak sel darah merah ialah sel penderma, yang tidak terdedah kepada glukosa pesakit

A patient with blood pressure that is hard to control has a potassium of 2.9 mEq/L, a sodium of 144 mEq/L and a raised serum bicarbonate, without taking a diuretic. Which condition is most likely?

1. ACentral diabetes insipidus
2. BPrimary adrenal insufficiency
3. CPrimary hyperaldosteronism
4. DSyndrome of inappropriate ADH