Lembaran kerja Nilai makmal & elektrolit dengan jawapan

What is the usual BUN-to-creatinine ratio in a healthy adult (using mg/dL)?

1. AAbout 1:1 to 2:1
2. BAbout 100:1 to 200:1
3. CAbout 50:1 to 60:1
4. DAbout 10:1 to 20:1

A urine dipstick is positive for leukocyte esterase. What does this show?

1. ARed blood cells are present in the urine
2. BProtein is leaking through the glomeruli
3. CWhite blood cells are present in the urine
4. DBilirubin is being passed in the urine

Which fasting triglyceride level is commonly described as normal?

1. ABetween 200 and 499 mg/dL (2.3–5.6 mmol/L)
2. BAbove 1,000 mg/dL (11.3 mmol/L)
3. CAbove 500 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L)
4. DBelow 150 mg/dL (1.7 mmol/L)

A young adult with new diabetes has a very low C-peptide level. What does this suggest?

1. AThe kidneys are excreting all of the patient's insulin in urine
2. BThe patient is injecting too much insulin and needs a lower dose
3. CThe pancreas is making very little insulin, as in type 1 diabetes
4. DThe patient has high insulin resistance, as in type 2 diabetes

Hemoglobin seorang pesakit ialah 7.8 g/dL (78 g/L). Dapatan manakah yang dijangka oleh jururawat?

1. AKadar denyutan jantung perlahan, kulit kemerahan dan tekanan darah tinggi
2. BKeletihan, pucat, kadar denyutan jantung yang laju dan sesak nafas apabila bergerak
3. CGatal, kulit kuning dan air kencing gelap
4. DSakit kepala, mimisan dan muka merah

Which blood collection practice helps prevent hemolysis of the sample?

1. AGently inverting the tubes instead of shaking them
2. BLeaving the tourniquet on for at least 3 minutes
3. CForcing blood quickly through a needle into the tube
4. DUsing the smallest needle available for every patient

A 5-year-old has new bruising and petechiae two weeks after a viral illness. Platelets are 12 × 10³/µL; hemoglobin, white cell count and clotting times are normal. Which condition is most likely?

1. AImmune thrombocytopenia (ITP)
2. BAcute leukemia
3. CDisseminated intravascular coagulation
4. DHemophilia A

Mengapakah kreatinin yang normal boleh mengelirukan pada warga emas yang lemah dengan jisim otot yang rendah?

1. AOtot yang kurang menghasilkan kreatinin yang kurang, menyembunyikan fungsi buah pinggang yang berkurang
2. BWarga emas sentiasa mempunyai kreatinin lebih tinggi daripada orang muda
3. CKreatinin yang normal sentiasa membuktikan fungsi buah pinggang yang normal
4. DParas kreatinin tidak bergantung pada jisim otot sama sekali