Lembaran kerja Nilai makmal & elektrolit dengan jawapan

What is the main effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on serum calcium?

1. AIt lowers serum calcium
2. BIt has no effect on calcium
3. CIt only changes urine calcium
4. DIt raises serum calcium

A raised lymphocyte count is most typical of:

1. AAllergic asthma
2. BIron deficiency
3. CBacterial abscesses
4. DViral infections

What does a creatinine clearance measured from a 24-hour urine collection estimate?

1. AThe rate of red cell production
2. BThe glomerular filtration rate
3. CThe concentrating ability of the urine
4. DThe amount of protein lost from the blood

A patient starts lisinopril (an ACE inhibitor). Which laboratory values should the nurse expect to be monitored?

1. ATSH and free T₄
2. BALT and bilirubin
3. CPotassium and creatinine
4. DCalcium and phosphate

A patient with hepatic encephalopathy is receiving lactulose. Which finding best shows that the treatment is effective?

1. ANo bowel movement for 2 days and calm sleep
2. BTwo to three soft stools a day and clearer thinking
3. CA rising serum ammonia with a slower flapping tremor
4. DSix to eight watery stools a day with dizziness

Why must vitamin B₁₂ deficiency be ruled out before treating macrocytic anemia with folic acid alone?

1. AFolic acid blocks the absorption of all B₁₂ from the diet
2. BFolic acid causes iron overload when B₁₂ levels are low
3. CFolic acid makes B₁₂ deficiency anemia much worse within a few days
4. DFolic acid can fix the anemia while B₁₂-related nerve damage continues

A frail older adult in a nursing home has been drinking very little during a heat wave. She is confused, and her sodium is 158 mEq/L. Which treatment would the nurse expect?

1. ARapid infusion of 3% saline to raise the volume
2. BGradual replacement of free water over many hours
3. CA loop diuretic to remove the extra sodium quickly
4. DStrict fluid restriction to below 800 mL a day

Seorang pesakit hiponatremia kronik (natrium 118 mEq/L) sedang dirawat. Mengapakah natrium mesti dinaikkan secara perlahan?

1. APembetulan pantas menyebabkan natrium jatuh semula dengan lebih rendah
2. BIa boleh menyebabkan demielinasi osmotik, kecederaan otak yang serius
3. CPembetulan pantas menyebabkan hipokalemia, yang merupakan satu-satunya risiko
4. DPembetulan perlahan hanya diperlukan untuk mengurangkan kos hospital