Lembaran kerja Nilai makmal & elektrolit dengan jawapan

Bagi orang yang tidak mengambil antikoagulan, INR lazimnya kira-kira:

1. A5.0–6.0
2. B2.0–3.0
3. C3.5–4.5
4. D0.8–1.2

What is a typical reference range for urine specific gravity in an adult?

1. AAbout 0.900–0.990
2. BAbout 1.040–1.060
3. CAbout 1.005–1.030
4. DAbout 1.100–1.300

Apakah julat rujukan dewasa yang lazim bagi nitrogen urea darah (BUN)?

1. AKira-kira 7–20 mg/dL (urea 2.5–7.1 mmol/L)
2. BKira-kira 70–99 mg/dL (urea 25–35 mmol/L)
3. CKira-kira 0.6–1.2 mg/dL (urea 0.2–0.4 mmol/L)
4. DKira-kira 135–145 mg/dL (urea 48–52 mmol/L)

A patient with diabetes also takes propranolol. Why is regular glucose monitoring especially important?

1. AThe drug stops the meter from reading correctly
2. BThe drug causes very high glucose in all patients
3. CThe drug blocks the insulin injection site
4. DThe drug can mask warning signs of hypoglycemia

A patient receiving chemotherapy has an ANC of 300/µL and a new temperature of 38.3 °C (100.9 °F). What should the nurse do first?

1. AGive acetaminophen (paracetamol) and recheck the temperature in 4 hours
2. BRemove extra blankets and offer a tepid sponge bath
3. CReport it at once so cultures and antibiotics start quickly
4. DEncourage oral fluids and record the fever in the chart

Why is a blood β-hydroxybutyrate level often preferred to a urine ketone dipstick in DKA?

1. AThe urine dipstick only detects ketones in people without diabetes
2. BIt is the only test that can measure glucose and ketones together
3. CIt shows the average ketone level over the past three months
4. DIt measures the main ketone in DKA, and the dipstick may miss it

Seorang pesakit dengan keadaan paru-paru jangka panjang mempunyai bikarbonat serum 32 mEq/L, PaCO₂ arteri yang sentiasa tinggi dan pH 7.36. Keadaan manakah yang paling sesuai?

1. AOverdos aspirin akut dengan pernafasan pantas
2. BCirit-birit teruk akut dengan kehilangan bikarbonat yang besar
3. CKetoasidosis diabetes akut dengan dehidrasi teruk dan muntah
4. DCOPD dengan pengekalan CO₂ kronik dan pampasan metabolik

A health care worker's hepatitis B tests show: HBsAg negative, anti-HBs positive, anti-HBc positive. What does this mean?

1. ACurrent chronic hepatitis B infection
2. BImmunity from vaccination only, never infected
3. CPast infection that has resolved, with immunity
4. DNot immune and never exposed to the virus