Lembaran kerja Nilai makmal & elektrolit dengan jawapan

Ion manakah ialah anion utama dalam cecair di luar sel?

1. AFosfat
2. BKlorida
3. CBikarbonat
4. DKalium

Which findings are typical of a low serum magnesium?

1. APolyuria, extreme thirst and pale urine
2. BTremor, hyperreflexia and cardiac arrhythmias
3. CJaundice, itching and pale stools
4. DLoss of reflexes, flushing and slow breathing

What is the usual target INR for a patient taking warfarin for a deep vein thrombosis?

1. A2.0–3.0
2. B1.0–1.5
3. C4.0–5.0
4. D0.8–1.2

Seorang pesakit yang mengambil warfarin untuk fibrilasi atrium mempunyai INR 5.2 dan tiada pendarahan. Apakah tindakan terbaik jururawat?

1. ABeri dos berganda
2. BMenasihati pesakit supaya berhenti makan sayur-sayuran hijau mulai hari ini
3. CTahan dos warfarin dan maklumkan pemreskripsi
4. DBeri dos biasa dan semak semula dalam sebulan

A patient on carbamazepine becomes confused and has a headache. Which laboratory result would most likely explain this?

1. AA high serum potassium
2. BA low serum magnesium
3. CA high serum calcium
4. DA low serum sodium

A patient has started parenteral nutrition (PN) through a central line. Which test is monitored most frequently in the first days?

1. ASerum lipase
2. BThyroid hormones
3. CBlood glucose
4. DHemoglobin A1c

During surgery under general anesthesia, a patient develops a rising end-tidal CO₂, muscle rigidity and tachycardia, then a high potassium and a rising temperature. Which condition is most likely?

1. AHypoglycemia from fasting
2. BMalignant hyperthermia
3. CHypovolemic shock
4. DAcute hemolytic transfusion reaction

The nurse teaches a patient with iron-deficiency anemia who is starting oral iron. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I'll keep the tablets out of reach of the children"
2. B"My stools may look darker while I take the tablets"
3. C"I can take it with orange juice to help absorption"
4. D"I'll take my iron tablet with a big glass of milk"