Lembaran kerja Nilai makmal & elektrolit dengan jawapan

Apakah julat rujukan dewasa yang lazim bagi magnesium serum?

1. AKira-kira 0.3–0.7 mEq/L (0.15–0.35 mmol/L)
2. BKira-kira 6.0–8.0 mEq/L (3.0–4.0 mmol/L)
3. CKira-kira 1.3–2.1 mEq/L (0.65–1.05 mmol/L)
4. DKira-kira 3.5–5.0 mEq/L (1.75–2.5 mmol/L)

A urine dipstick is positive for nitrites. What does this most likely show?

1. AGlucose spilling into the urine from high blood levels
2. BBacteria in the urine that convert nitrate to nitrite
3. CKetones produced from fat breakdown in fasting
4. DRed blood cells leaking from the glomeruli

Ujian makmal manakah yang paling tipikal meningkat dalam pankreatitis akut?

1. AHemoglobin A1c
2. BLipase serum
3. CAlbumin serum
4. DTroponin serum

Which finding during a transfusion suggests transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO)?

1. AA low temperature and slow heart rate
2. BBack pain with dark red urine output
3. CCrackles, hypertension and a raised BNP
4. DHives and itching without other signs

A trauma patient receives 2 L of IV crystalloid. The hemoglobin falls from 13.0 to 11.4 g/dL (130 to 114 g/L), and the vital signs are now stable. Which explanation is most likely?

1. ADilution of the blood by the IV fluid
2. BA laboratory error in the first sample
3. CA sudden failure of the bone marrow
4. DIncreased red cell production

Seorang pesakit mempunyai natrium 124 mEq/L, sakit kepala dan kekeliruan baharu. Langkah kejururawatan manakah yang paling sesuai?

1. APastikan pesakit berbaring rata dan hadkan pemeriksaan neurologi kepada sekali setiap syif
2. BGalakkan pesakit minum banyak air kosong
3. CBeri dos diuretik tiazid yang ditetapkan lebih awal
4. DLaksanakan langkah berjaga-jaga sawan dan pantau status neurologi

A patient with ongoing hemolytic anemia has an HbA1c of 4.6%, but home glucose readings are often 180–220 mg/dL (10–12 mmol/L). What best explains the gap?

1. AShort red cell life span lowers the HbA1c falsely
2. BHemolysis makes the HbA1c test read too high
3. CThe home glucose meter is reading falsely high
4. DThe patient has true, well-controlled diabetes

A child with sickle cell disease and a recent viral illness is pale and tired. The hemoglobin has fallen sharply, and the reticulocyte count is very low. What is the most likely problem?

1. AA vaso-occlusive pain crisis in the bones
2. BA normal finding in sickle cell disease
3. CIron deficiency from a poor diet over months
4. DAn aplastic crisis, often caused by parvovirus B19