Lembaran kerja Nilai makmal & elektrolit dengan jawapan

A raised alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is most typical of:

1. AInflammation of the lining of the urinary bladder
2. BAcute damage to the heart muscle
3. CBlocked bile flow or increased bone turnover
4. DLow production of hormone by the thyroid gland

Below about which blood glucose level is hypoglycemia usually defined and treated in a person with diabetes?

1. A40 mg/dL (2.2 mmol/L)
2. B100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L)
3. C70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L)
4. D126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L)

Bagi orang yang tidak mengambil antikoagulan, INR lazimnya kira-kira:

1. A2.0–3.0
2. B5.0–6.0
3. C0.8–1.2
4. D3.5–4.5

A patient with type 2 diabetes has a target HbA1c below 7% (53 mmol/mol). Today's result is 7.8% (62 mmol/mol). What is the best interpretation?

1. AAverage glucose over the past months has been above the target
2. BGlucose control has been excellent for the past several months
3. CThe patient has had frequent episodes of severe hypoglycemia
4. DThe result shows today's fasting glucose is above the target

A patient with type 1 diabetes has the flu, is eating little and has a glucose of 290 mg/dL (16.1 mmol/L). Which advice is correct?

1. AKeep taking insulin and check blood or urine ketones
2. BDrink only water and avoid all carbohydrate foods
3. CStop all insulin until you are eating normally again
4. DWait 3 days before checking the glucose again

When blood is drawn from a central venous catheter, why is a small volume of blood usually discarded first, according to policy?

1. ATo remove blood clots that form in all central lines
2. BTo check that the catheter tip is still in the right vein
3. CTo lower the patient's hemoglobin for a blood transfusion
4. DTo avoid diluting the sample with flush or infusion fluid

A patient has painless jaundice, itching, dark urine and pale stools. ALP is markedly raised, conjugated (direct) bilirubin is high and ALT is only mildly raised. What is the most likely cause?

1. AIncreased breakdown of red blood cells (hemolytic anemia)
2. BGilbert syndrome, a harmless inherited bilirubin disorder
3. CAcute viral hepatitis with widespread liver cell damage
4. DBlockage of bile flow, for example by a tumor in the bile duct

Empat keputusan makmal tiba. Yang manakah patut ditangani dahulu oleh jururawat?

1. AHemoglobin 11.8 g/dL (118 g/L) pada pesakit penyakit buah pinggang kronik
2. BKalium 6.6 mEq/L pada pesakit CKD yang mengalami kelemahan otot baharu
3. CNatrium 137 mEq/L pada pesakit yang dimasukkan dengan pneumonia semalam
4. DGlukosa 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L) selepas makan pada pesakit diabetes