Lembaran kerja Nilai makmal & elektrolit dengan jawapan

A blood lactate level above about which value is usually considered raised in an adult?

1. A0.2 mmol/L
2. B2 mmol/L
3. C10 mmol/L
4. D20 mmol/L

A urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) of at least which value is usually called moderately increased albuminuria?

1. A3,000 mg/g (300 mg/mmol)
2. B30 mg/g (3 mg/mmol)
3. C300 mg/dL (3 mg/mL)
4. D3 mg/g (0.3 mg/mmol)

Makmal menandakan keputusan sebagai tinggi menggunakan julat rujukannya sendiri, tetapi nilai itu berada dalam julat dalam buku teks anda. Julat manakah yang patut anda gunakan untuk pesakit ini?

1. AJulat terluas yang anda dapat temui dalam mana-mana sumber
2. BJulat rujukan makmal yang menjalankan ujian itu
3. CJulat yang digunakan di hospital tempat anda dilatih
4. DJulat buku teks, kerana buku teks ialah piawai kebangsaan

A patient with hepatic encephalopathy is receiving lactulose. Which finding best shows that the treatment is effective?

1. ASix to eight watery stools a day with dizziness
2. BTwo to three soft stools a day and clearer thinking
3. CNo bowel movement for 2 days and calm sleep
4. DA rising serum ammonia with a slower flapping tremor

A nurse completed the hepatitis B vaccine series. Which result shows protective immunity?

1. AAnti-HBs of 10 mIU/mL or more
2. BA positive HBsAg test
3. CA positive IgM anti-HBc
4. DA raised ALT level

A patient with a potassium of 2.8 mEq/L has potassium chloride prescribed IV. Which statement about giving it is correct?

1. AIt is always diluted and given by infusion pump, never as an IV push
2. BIt may be given as a slow IV push over one minute if the level is very low
3. CIt is given as an undiluted bolus into a large vein to avoid irritation
4. DIt is added to the IV bag without mixing, so it stays at the bottom

Seorang pesakit tiba 30 minit selepas muntah darah dalam jumlah yang banyak. Kadar denyutan jantung ialah 125/min, tetapi hemoglobin pertama ialah 13.0 g/dL (130 g/L). Mengapakah hemoglobin itu mengelirukan?

1. AUjian ini tidak pernah tepat dalam situasi kecemasan
2. BNilai itu membuktikan tiada pendarahan yang ketara
3. CHemoglobin meningkat semasa pendarahan, yang menyembunyikan kehilangan itu
4. DDarah penuh telah hilang, maka paras hanya menurun beberapa jam kemudian

A woman with preeclampsia is receiving IV magnesium sulfate. Her urine output has fallen and her creatinine is rising. Why is this a concern?

1. AMagnesium is excreted by the kidneys, so it can build up to toxic levels
2. BMagnesium causes potassium loss, so the kidneys release more fluid
3. CMagnesium is broken down by the liver, so it will stop working soon
4. DPoor kidney function makes the magnesium level fall quickly