Lembaran kerja Nilai makmal & elektrolit dengan jawapan

What does the term "left shift" mean on a white cell differential?

1. AMore immature neutrophils (bands) than normal
2. BA fall in all the white cell types together
3. CMore lymphocytes than neutrophils in the blood
4. DA rise in the number of eosinophils

Apakah julat rujukan lazim bagi osmolaliti serum?

1. AKira-kira 275–295 mOsm/kg
2. BKira-kira 400–500 mOsm/kg
3. CKira-kira 50–100 mOsm/kg
4. DKira-kira 135–145 mOsm/kg

Dapatan manakah yang tipikal bagi magnesium serum yang tinggi?

1. ARefleks yang terlalu aktif dan kedutan otot
2. BRefleks tendon dalam berkurang atau tiada
3. CKekejangan karpal apabila kaf dikembungkan
4. DKeinginan kuat untuk minum air

A healthy patient has a mildly raised CK after running a marathon yesterday, without dark urine or symptoms. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AStrenuous exercise raised CK from skeletal muscle
2. BAn acute myocardial infarction has occurred
3. CThe patient has developed acute pancreatitis
4. DThe patient has developed acute hepatitis

A patient on a heparin infusion has an aPTT below the target range on the protocol. What should the nurse do?

1. AStop the infusion and give protamine sulfate as quickly as possible
2. BAdjust the rate as the protocol directs and recheck as scheduled
3. CSwitch the infusion to oral warfarin without a prescription
4. DContinue the same rate and recheck the aPTT in a few days

A patient with chronic kidney disease has a potassium of 5.6 mEq/L. Which food should the nurse advise the patient to limit?

1. AApples
2. BBananas
3. CWhite rice
4. DCabbage

A patient has taken metformin for 8 years and now has numbness in the feet, a hemoglobin of 10.2 g/dL (102 g/L) and an MCV of 108 fL. Which deficiency is most likely?

1. AVitamin D (calciferol) deficiency
2. BVitamin K deficiency
3. CIron deficiency from gut loss
4. DVitamin B₁₂ deficiency

A patient with blood pressure that is hard to control has a potassium of 2.9 mEq/L, a sodium of 144 mEq/L and a raised serum bicarbonate, without taking a diuretic. Which condition is most likely?

1. APrimary adrenal insufficiency
2. BCentral diabetes insipidus
3. CPrimary hyperaldosteronism
4. DSyndrome of inappropriate ADH