Lembaran kerja Nilai makmal & elektrolit dengan jawapan

Apakah julat terapeutik yang lazim disebut bagi valproat serum keseluruhan (asid valproik) dalam epilepsi?

1. AKira-kira 50–100 mcg/mL (mg/L)
2. BKira-kira 500–1000 mcg/mL (mg/L)
3. CKira-kira 5–10 mcg/mL (mg/L)
4. DKira-kira 0.6–1.2 mcg/mL (mg/L)

What does the term pancytopenia mean?

1. AHigh white cells with low platelets
2. BLow red cells with normal platelets
3. CHigh red cells, white cells and platelets
4. DLow red cells, white cells and platelets

Which ECG change is linked to hypercalcemia?

1. AA prolonged QT interval
2. BA shortened QT interval
3. CProminent U waves
4. DTall, peaked T waves

A patient has a calcium of 7.0 mg/dL (1.75 mmol/L) and tingling around the mouth. Which nursing measure is most appropriate?

1. ALimit dairy products until the level falls again
2. BEncourage 3 L of fluid per day to dilute the calcium
3. CPromote walking to move calcium back into the bone
4. DPut seizure precautions in place and report the result

A healthy woman at 28 weeks of pregnancy has a mildly lower hemoglobin than before pregnancy, with a normal MCV and ferritin. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AThe fetus is destroying the mother's red cells in the circulation
2. BPlasma volume rises more than red cell mass, diluting the blood
3. CIron is being lost through the kidneys during the pregnancy
4. DPregnancy hormones stop the bone marrow from making red cells

Seorang pesakit yang muntah selama dua hari mempunyai BUN 32 mg/dL (urea 11.4 mmol/L) dan kreatinin normal. Apakah punca yang paling mungkin?

1. AKegagalan hati
2. BDehidrasi
3. CDiet rendah protein
4. DLebihan cecair

Seorang pesakit ketoasidosis diabetes menerima infusi insulin IV. Nilai makmal manakah yang mesti dipantau dengan sangat rapi?

1. AKalium, kerana insulin memindahkannya ke dalam sel dan ia boleh jatuh dengan pantas
2. BHemoglobin, kerana insulin memecahkan sel darah merah
3. CAlbumin, kerana insulin menyebabkan hati berhenti menghasilkannya
4. DNatrium, kerana insulin menyebabkan buah pinggang merembeskannya dalam jumlah yang sangat besar

A woman with preeclampsia is receiving IV magnesium sulfate. Her urine output has fallen and her creatinine is rising. Why is this a concern?

1. AMagnesium causes potassium loss, so the kidneys release more fluid
2. BMagnesium is broken down by the liver, so it will stop working soon
3. CMagnesium is excreted by the kidneys, so it can build up to toxic levels
4. DPoor kidney function makes the magnesium level fall quickly