Lembaran kerja Nilai makmal & elektrolit dengan jawapan

Apakah yang terutamanya ditunjukkan oleh ujian keton darah atau air kencing yang positif?

1. AHati menghasilkan terlalu banyak bilirubin
2. BBadan memecahkan lemak sebagai bahan api, seperti dalam kekurangan insulin atau kebuluran
3. CPesakit menghidap jangkitan saluran kencing
4. DBuah pinggang membocorkan protein ke dalam air kencing

What does the reticulocyte count measure?

1. AYoung red blood cells recently released from the bone marrow
2. BOld red blood cells that are being removed by the spleen
3. CImmature white blood cells released during infection
4. DPlatelets that are larger than normal in size

Which blood marker is the most specific for injury to the heart muscle?

1. ATotal creatine kinase
2. BCardiac troponin
3. CSerum myoglobin
4. DLactate dehydrogenase

Seorang pesakit dengan infusi heparin mempunyai aPTT 110 saat; sasaran protokol ialah 1.5–2.5 kali kawalan 30 saat. Apakah yang patut dilakukan oleh jururawat?

1. AIkut protokol heparin, periksa pendarahan dan maklumkan pembekal penjagaan
2. BBeri vitamin K seperti yang ditetapkan dan teruskan infusi
3. CTeruskan tanpa perubahan dan ulang aPTT pada pagi esok
4. DTingkatkan kadar infusi, kerana keputusan berada di atas julat sasaran

How should a patient collect a clean-catch midstream urine sample?

1. AFill the cup completely, then add tap water if there is not enough
2. BCollect urine from the toilet bowl after voiding into the toilet
3. CCollect the very first urine of the stream directly in the sterile cup
4. DClean the area, start voiding into the toilet, then catch the middle part

Seorang pesakit yang mengambil warfarin untuk fibrilasi atrium mempunyai INR 5.2 dan tiada pendarahan. Apakah tindakan terbaik jururawat?

1. ABeri dos biasa dan semak semula dalam sebulan
2. BBeri dos berganda
3. CTahan dos warfarin dan maklumkan pemreskripsi
4. DMenasihati pesakit supaya berhenti makan sayur-sayuran hijau mulai hari ini

A patient has marked generalized edema. Results show heavy proteinuria, serum albumin 1.8 g/dL (18 g/L) and total cholesterol 340 mg/dL (8.8 mmol/L). Which condition fits best?

1. ANephrotic syndrome
2. BPrerenal kidney injury
3. CAcute pyelonephritis
4. DLiver cirrhosis only

A patient has painless jaundice, itching, dark urine and pale stools. ALP is markedly raised, conjugated (direct) bilirubin is high and ALT is only mildly raised. What is the most likely cause?

1. ABlockage of bile flow, for example by a tumor in the bile duct
2. BIncreased breakdown of red blood cells (hemolytic anemia)
3. CAcute viral hepatitis with widespread liver cell damage
4. DGilbert syndrome, a harmless inherited bilirubin disorder