Lembaran kerja Nilai makmal & elektrolit dengan jawapan

Dapatan manakah yang tipikal bagi magnesium serum yang tinggi?

1. AKeinginan kuat untuk minum air
2. BRefleks tendon dalam berkurang atau tiada
3. CKekejangan karpal apabila kaf dikembungkan
4. DRefleks yang terlalu aktif dan kedutan otot

What does the specificity of a diagnostic test describe?

1. AThe total number of people who take the test each year
2. BThe cost of the test compared with other tests
3. CThe proportion of people without the disease who test negative
4. DThe proportion of people with the disease who test positive

For many non-pregnant adults with diabetes, which HbA1c target is commonly recommended?

1. AAbove 9% (75 mmol/mol)
2. BBelow 4% (20 mmol/mol)
3. CBelow 10% (86 mmol/mol)
4. DBelow 7% (53 mmol/mol)

A patient taking empagliflozin (an SGLT2 inhibitor) has glucose in the urine but a normal blood glucose. What is the best interpretation?

1. AUncontrolled diabetes needing insulin
2. BA sign of kidney failure
3. CAn expected effect of the drug
4. DA urinary tract infection

A patient takes valproate (valproic acid) for epilepsy. Which tests are monitored regularly?

1. ASerum lithium and urine specific gravity
2. BLiver function tests and platelet count
3. CTroponin and B-type natriuretic peptide
4. DThyroid function and serum calcium

Why is a baseline platelet count taken before starting heparin therapy?

1. ASo a later fall from heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is detected
2. BSo that the INR can be calculated from the platelet count later
3. CBecause heparin increases the platelet count to dangerous levels
4. DBecause heparin is given at a dose based on the platelet count

A patient receiving parenteral nutrition with lipid emulsion has a triglyceride level of 620 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L). Why is this result important?

1. AIt raises the risk of acute pancreatitis
2. BIt shows the nutrition is fully effective
3. CIt means the patient needs more lipid
4. DIt is a normal fasting value for adults

Seorang pesakit tiba 30 minit selepas muntah darah dalam jumlah yang banyak. Kadar denyutan jantung ialah 125/min, tetapi hemoglobin pertama ialah 13.0 g/dL (130 g/L). Mengapakah hemoglobin itu mengelirukan?

1. AHemoglobin meningkat semasa pendarahan, yang menyembunyikan kehilangan itu
2. BNilai itu membuktikan tiada pendarahan yang ketara
3. CDarah penuh telah hilang, maka paras hanya menurun beberapa jam kemudian
4. DUjian ini tidak pernah tepat dalam situasi kecemasan