Lembaran kerja Nilai makmal & elektrolit dengan jawapan

What is a typical reference range for the hematocrit in an adult woman?

1. AAbout 35–45%
2. BAbout 10–15%
3. CAbout 55–65%
4. DAbout 20–28%

A serum sodium of 151 mEq/L is called:

1. AHypernatremia
2. BHyponatremia
3. CHyperkalemia
4. DHypercalcemia

For many non-pregnant adults with diabetes, which HbA1c target is commonly recommended?

1. ABelow 7% (53 mmol/mol)
2. BBelow 10% (86 mmol/mol)
3. CAbove 9% (75 mmol/mol)
4. DBelow 4% (20 mmol/mol)

A patient with sepsis has a lactate of 2.1 mmol/L on admission and 4.3 mmol/L two hours later, despite IV fluids. What does this suggest?

1. AWorsening tissue perfusion that needs urgent reporting
2. BA normal response to IV fluids in the first hours
3. CExpected muscle activity from shivering in fever
4. DImproving circulation as the fluids start to work

Seorang pesakit menerima enoksaparin subkutan (heparin berat molekul rendah). Pernyataan manakah tentang pemantauan yang betul?

1. AaPTT mesti diperiksa setiap 6 jam untuk melaraskan dos
2. BINR digunakan untuk melaraskan setiap dos, seperti warfarin
3. CTiada sebarang ujian darah pun diperlukan
4. DTiada aPTT rutin; platelet dan fungsi buah pinggang diperiksa sebaliknya

A patient with chronic kidney disease has a magnesium of 3.8 mEq/L (1.9 mmol/L). Which product is the most likely cause?

1. AExcess alcohol use over many years
2. BLoop diuretics such as furosemide
3. CMagnesium-containing laxatives or antacids
4. DProton pump inhibitors taken long term

A patient on clozapine reports a sore throat and fever. The ANC is 400/µL (0.4 × 10⁹/L). What should the nurse do?

1. AGive the next dose and recheck the ANC next month
2. BHalve the dose and give it with a throat lozenge
3. CHold the clozapine and report the result at once
4. DGive the dose with food to protect the stomach

A 5-year-old has new bruising and petechiae two weeks after a viral illness. Platelets are 12 × 10³/µL; hemoglobin, white cell count and clotting times are normal. Which condition is most likely?

1. ADisseminated intravascular coagulation
2. BHemophilia A
3. CImmune thrombocytopenia (ITP)
4. DAcute leukemia